La buĝeto montras pli da elspezoj ol enspezoj.

Buĝeto means budget.

The letter ĝ is pronounced like the j in judge. So buĝeto sounds roughly like boo-JE-to, with the stress on the second-to-last syllable: bu-ĜE-to.

This is a good example of how Esperanto often adapts international words to its own spelling system.

La is the Esperanto definite article, meaning the.

So La buĝeto means the budget, not just a budget. It suggests a specific budget that the speaker and listener already know about, or a budget being discussed in context.

A useful point for English speakers: Esperanto has la for the, but it does not have a separate word for a/an.

Montras comes from montri, which means to show, to indicate, or to display.

So La buĝeto montras... means that the budget shows or indicates something. This is very natural in Esperanto, just as in English we can say:

• The report shows...
• The data shows...
• The budget shows...

It does not mean the budget is literally speaking. It means the budget reveals the financial situation.

The ending -as marks the present tense in Esperanto.

So:

• montri = to show
• montras = shows / is showing

Esperanto verb endings are very regular:

• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future
• -us = conditional
• -u = command / wish
• -i = infinitive

Pli da means more in the sense of a greater quantity/amount of.

So:

• pli = more
• da = used after words of quantity or amount

Together, pli da elspezoj means more expenses or a greater amount of expenses.

English does not always say more of, but Esperanto often uses da after quantity words. Compare:

• multe da mono = a lot of money
• iom da akvo = some water
• pli da elspezoj = more expenses

This is a very common learner question.

Use da after a word showing quantity, amount, or measure. That is exactly what is happening with pli.

So:

• pli da elspezoj = more expenses
• multe da laboro = a lot of work
• kilogramo da rizo = a kilogram of rice

By contrast, de usually means things like of, from, or possession/relationship, not quantity.

So here da is correct because pli is measuring the amount or quantity of expenses.

These are great examples of Esperanto word-building.

• el- = out
• en- = in
• spez = spending / financial outlay root
• -o = noun
• -j = plural

So:

• elspezoj = out-going financial items = expenses
• enspezoj = in-coming financial items = income / receipts / revenues

This kind of structure is very typical in Esperanto. Once you know the parts, many words become easier to understand.

They are plural because a budget usually contains multiple expense items and multiple income items.

So the plural feels natural in a financial context:

• elspezoj = expenses
• enspezoj = income items / revenues / receipts

In English, income is often singular, but Esperanto may use the plural more naturally in accounting-style language, especially when thinking of separate entries in a budget.

Ol is the word used after a comparative, like than in English.

So the pattern is:

• pli ... ol ... = more ... than ...

In this sentence:

• pli da elspezoj ol enspezoj = more expenses than income

This is the normal Esperanto way to compare two things.

Because da belongs with the quantity expression pli da elspezoj.

After that, ol simply introduces the second thing being compared:

• pli da elspezoj ol enspezoj

Not:

• pli da elspezoj ol da enspezoj

So the structure is:

• pli da X ol Y = more X than Y

That is the normal pattern.

This is a slightly more advanced grammar point.

In Esperanto, when a noun comes after da, it normally does not take -n. The noun after da stays in its basic form.

So you say:

• multe da homoj
• iom da akvo
• pli da elspezoj

not:

• multe da homojn
• pli da elspezojn

The whole quantity expression functions as the object, but the noun after da does not show accusative marking itself.

It can suggest either one, depending on context.

In a budget sentence like this, people will usually understand it as the expenses are greater than the income in an overall financial sense.

So even though the words are plural, the idea is often about the total financial balance, not only the number of line items.

That is why an English translation may sound more natural as something like:

• The budget shows more expenses than income
• The budget shows that expenses exceed income