Questions & Answers about Tiu hundo estas de malgranda raso.
Tiu means that or that one. So Tiu hundo means that dog.
It is used to point to a specific dog, not just any dog.
Compare:
- tiu hundo = that dog
- ĉi tiu hundo = this dog
- la hundo = the dog
So tiu is more specifically pointing something out than la.
Estas is the present-tense form of esti, which means to be.
So:
- estas = is / am / are
Esperanto verbs do not change depending on the subject, so:
- mi estas = I am
- vi estas = you are
- li estas = he is
- ili estas = they are
That makes Esperanto verb forms much simpler than English.
Because hundo is the subject of the sentence, and subjects do not take -n.
In Esperanto, the -n ending usually marks the direct object. But here the dog is not an object; it is the thing being talked about:
- Tiu hundo = the subject
- estas de malgranda raso = what is being said about the subject
So hundo stays in its basic form.