Mi parolis kun mia edzino.

Because -is is the Esperanto ending for the past tense.

• parolas = speak / am speaking
• parolis = spoke / was speaking

So parolis tells you the action happened in the past.

You can break parolis down like this:

• parol- = the root meaning speak
• -is = past tense verb ending

Esperanto verbs always use the same tense endings, no matter who the subject is:

• mi parolis = I spoke
• li parolis = he spoke
• ni parolis = we spoke

There is no verb change like English I speak / she speaks.

Because mi is the Esperanto subject pronoun meaning I.

Esperanto subject pronouns are fixed forms:

• mi = I
• vi = you
• li = he
• ŝi = she
• ĝi = it
• ni = we
• ili = they

So when I am the subject of the sentence, you use mi.

Because mia means my. It is the possessive form related to mi.

• mi = I
• mia = my

So:

• edzino = wife
• mia edzino = my wife

In Esperanto, possessive words like mia, via, lia, ŝia, nia behave like adjectives and usually come before the noun.

Because possessives in Esperanto act like adjectives, and adjectives normally end in -a.

So:

• mia = my
• via = your
• lia = his
• ŝia = her

Since they are adjective-like, they can also match nouns in number and case when necessary. For example:

• mia edzino = my wife
• miaj edzinoj = my wives
• mi vidis mian edzinon = I saw my wife

In your sentence, mia is singular and has no accusative ending, because edzino is singular and not in the accusative.

kun means with.

It is a preposition used to show accompaniment or being together with someone or something.

So:

• Mi parolis kun mia edzino. = I spoke with my wife.

It is the normal word to use for with in this sense.

Because it comes after the preposition kun.

In Esperanto, nouns usually do not take the accusative -n after a preposition. Prepositions already show the noun’s role in the sentence.

So:

• kun mia edzino = with my wife

not

• kun mian edzinon in normal usage

The -n ending is mainly used for a direct object, or sometimes for direction/motion in special cases.

Here, mia edzino is not the direct object of parolis. It is part of the prepositional phrase kun mia edzino.

edzino means wife.

It is built from:

• edz- = spouse / married partner
• -in- = female
• -o = noun ending

So:

• edzo = husband
• edzino = wife

The ending -in- is a very common Esperanto suffix used to mark female beings:

• patro = father
• patrino = mother
• frato = brother
• fratino = sister

No. Esperanto word order is fairly flexible.

Mi parolis kun mia edzino is the most neutral and natural order, especially for learners. But other orders are possible if you want a different emphasis, such as:

• Kun mia edzino mi parolis.
• Mi kun mia edzino parolis.

These are grammatically possible, but the basic subject + verb + prepositional phrase order is the clearest and most common choice.

Yes, in many contexts paroli kun covers the idea of speaking or talking with someone.

Esperanto often uses kun where English might say either:

• speak with
• talk with
• sometimes even talk to, depending on context

If you want to emphasize speaking to someone, Esperanto can also use al in some contexts:

• Mi parolis al ŝi. = I spoke to her.

But paroli kun iu strongly suggests a conversation or interaction with that person.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

Mee pah-ROH-lees koon MEE-ah ed-ZEE-no

A few helpful points:

• Stress in Esperanto almost always falls on the second-to-last syllable.
• So:
  • parolis → pa-RO-lis
  • mia → MI-a
  • edzino → ed-ZI-no

Also:

• u sounds like oo in food
• i sounds like ee in see
• z sounds like English z
• dz in edzino is pronounced like the ds sound in beds

You only need to change the verb ending.

• Mi parolas kun mia edzino. = I speak / am speaking with my wife.
• Mi parolis kun mia edzino. = I spoke with my wife.
• Mi parolos kun mia edzino. = I will speak with my wife.

The verb root stays the same:

• parol- = speak

Only the tense ending changes:

• -as = present
• -is = past
• -os = future

You add ne before the verb:

• Mi ne parolis kun mia edzino. = I did not speak with my wife.

This is the normal way to negate a sentence in Esperanto.

• mi = I
• ne = not
• parolis = spoke
• kun mia edzino = with my wife

Esperanto does not need a helper verb like English did in this case. You just put ne before the verb.