Welke wijn wil je bij deze kaas?

Welke means which. In this sentence, welke wijn is which wine.

Depending on context, English might sometimes say what wine more naturally, but the Dutch word is still welke when you are choosing from possible options.

A useful comparison:

• Welke wijn = which wine
• Wat voor wijn = what kind of wine

Because welke already introduces the noun.

You say:

• welke wijn = which wine

not:

• welke een wijn

This works just like English: we say which wine, not which a wine.

Dutch direct questions usually put the finite verb before the subject.

So the structure is:

• welke wijn = question phrase
• wil = finite verb
• je = subject

That gives:

• Welke wijn wil je ...?

Compare that with a statement:

• Je wilt wijn bij deze kaas.

In questions, Dutch often uses this verb-before-subject order.

Because when je/jij comes after the verb in inversion, the -t usually drops.

So:

• statement: je wilt
• question: wil je?

Also:

• jij wilt
• wil jij?

This is a very common Dutch pattern and one that English speakers often notice quickly.

Here bij means with or to go with.

So bij deze kaas means:

• with this cheese
• to go with this cheese

It does not mean literally next to this cheese here. Dutch bij can have several meanings, and this is the pairing/combination meaning.

For example:

• rode wijn bij vlees = red wine with meat
• saus bij de friet = sauce with the fries

Because kaas is a de-word: de kaas.

For de-words, Dutch uses:

• deze = this
• die = that

For het-words, Dutch uses:

• dit = this
• dat = that

So:

• deze kaas = this cheese
• dit brood = this bread

Literally, willen means to want.

But in many everyday situations, especially when offering food or drink or asking someone to choose, English often uses would like, while Dutch still uses willen.

So in context, this sentence can sound like:

• Which wine do you want with this cheese?
• Which wine would you like with this cheese?

Both are good translations depending on tone.

Yes. If you want to be more formal or polite, you can use u:

• Welke wijn wilt u bij deze kaas?

That is the formal version of the sentence.

So:

• je = informal you
• u = formal/polite you

Yes, absolutely.

There is a small difference in nuance:

• Welke wijn wil je ...? suggests choosing among available wines or options.
• Wat voor wijn wil je ...? asks more about the type or kind of wine.

In real conversation, both can be natural. If someone is looking at a wine list, welke wijn is especially common.

It can be either, depending on the situation.

Deze kaas means this cheese, so it could refer to:

• the specific cheese on the table
• the cheese being served now
• a particular type of cheese someone has pointed out

Dutch does not need to make that distinction explicitly here; the context usually makes it clear.