De apotheker controleert de dosering.

Because de is the definite article the in Dutch.

• de apotheker = the pharmacist
• de dosering = the dosage

Dutch has two main definite articles:

• de for most nouns
• het for neuter singular nouns

Both apotheker and dosering are de-words, so they both take de.

Yes. Apotheker means pharmacist.

It is historically related to English apothecary, so it may look a bit old-fashioned to English speakers, but in modern Dutch it is the normal everyday word for pharmacist.

Because controleert is the conjugated form of the verb controleren, meaning to check or to monitor.

The subject is de apotheker, which is third person singular (he/she/the pharmacist), so the verb changes:

• ik controleer = I check
• jij controleert / controleer jij = you check
• hij/zij controleert = he/she checks
• wij controleren = we check
• jullie controleren = you all check
• zij controleren = they check

So De apotheker controleert means The pharmacist checks.

In regular Dutch verbs, the hij/zij/u form often gets -t.

Here the infinitive is controleren.
The stem is controleer.
For third person singular, you add -t:

• controleer
  • t = controleert

So the -t marks the singular present-tense form used with he/she/it or a singular noun like de apotheker.

Not necessarily. In this sentence, controleert is more naturally translated as checks or reviews.

Dutch controleren often means:

• to check
• to inspect
• to verify

It can sometimes mean to control, but English control is often a false friend here. In a medical or pharmacy context, checks is usually the most natural translation.

Dosering means dosage or dose amount.

It usually refers to:

• how much medicine should be taken
• how often it should be taken
• the prescribed amount

It is related to dosis (dose), but dosering often emphasizes the dosing instructions or dosage level rather than just one single dose.

This is normal Dutch main-clause word order:

subject + finite verb + object

So:

• De apotheker = subject
• controleert = finite verb
• de dosering = object

This is very similar to standard English word order:

The pharmacist checks the dosage.

Because it is the thing being checked.

Ask yourself:

• Who is doing the action? → de apotheker
• What is being checked? → de dosering

That makes de apotheker the subject and de dosering the direct object.

Roughly: ah-poh-TAY-ker

A more helpful breakdown:

• a as in father
• po with a clear o
• stress on thee / tee-like syllable
• final -ker with a Dutch r, which may sound different from English depending on accent

The stress is usually on the: apo-THE-ker.

Roughly: doh-ZAY-ring

A simple breakdown:

• do sounds like doe with a pure Dutch o
• stress on seer
• -ing in Dutch is not exactly like English -ing, but learners can start with something close to ing

So approximately: doh-SEER-ing.

Sometimes, but not in the same everyday way.

• apotheker = pharmacist, especially the professional working in a pharmacy
• farmaceut can also mean pharmacist, but it is often more formal, technical, or linked to the pharmaceutical field in general

For a sentence about someone at the pharmacy checking medication details, apotheker is the most natural choice.

Yes. Controleert is present tense.

So the sentence means:

• The pharmacist checks the dosage
• or, depending on context, The pharmacist is checking the dosage

Dutch present tense can cover both a simple present and, in many contexts, an English present progressive meaning.

Not in this sentence if you mean the dosage in a specific case.

De dosering refers to a particular dosage, so the definite article is needed.

If you wanted a more general or indefinite meaning, you might use:

• een dosering = a dosage

But De apotheker controleert de dosering clearly means a specific dosage is being checked.

No. Controleren is not a separable verb.

That means it stays together as one word when conjugated:

• Ik controleer de dosering.
• De apotheker controleert de dosering.

Unlike separable verbs, nothing splits off and moves to the end.

If you want The pharmacists check the dosage, you would say:

De apothekers controleren de dosering.

Changes:

• apotheker → apothekers (plural noun)
• controleert → controleren (plural verb form)

So the verb changes to match the plural subject.