Mijn rechter enkel doet nog pijn.

Because rechter is the normal inflected form of rechts when it comes before a noun in this meaning.

• rechts = right, on the right side
• before a noun, it often becomes rechter:
  • de rechterhand = the right hand
  • mijn rechterbeen = my right leg
  • mijn rechter enkel = my right ankle

So rechter here means right-side, not more just or anything related to the noun rechter meaning judge.

Here, enkel means ankle.

This is important because English speakers may already know enkel from other contexts or confuse it with the adjective enkel meaning only / single in some formal or written Dutch. In this sentence, it is clearly the noun ankle.

So:

• de enkel = the ankle
• mijn enkel = my ankle

Because mijn already functions as a determiner, like my in English.

Compare:

• de rechter enkel = the right ankle
• mijn rechter enkel = my right ankle

Just like in English, you do not say my the right ankle. So once you use mijn, you do not use de.

Dutch often expresses this idea with the phrase pijn doen, literally to do pain.

So:

• Mijn enkel doet pijn = My ankle hurts
• literally: My ankle does pain

This is a very common and natural Dutch structure for body parts and painful things.

You may also hear:

• Ik heb pijn in mijn enkel = I have pain in my ankle

Both are normal, but they focus slightly differently:

• Mijn enkel doet pijn focuses on the ankle as the thing that hurts.
• Ik heb pijn in mijn enkel focuses on the person experiencing the pain.

Because the subject is singular: mijn rechter enkel.

The main noun is enkel = ankle, which is singular, so the verb must also be singular:

• mijn enkel doet pijn = my ankle hurts
• mijn enkels doen pijn = my ankles hurt

So:

• singular subject → doet
• plural subject → doen

Nog here means still.

So the sentence means that the ankle was already hurting before, and that situation continues now.

• Mijn rechter enkel doet pijn = My right ankle hurts
• Mijn rechter enkel doet nog pijn = My right ankle still hurts

In this sentence, nog adds the idea of continuation.

Because nog modifies the whole predicate doet pijn and is normally placed before the final part pijn in this kind of sentence.

Dutch often puts these small adverbs in the middle field of the sentence:

• Mijn enkel doet nog pijn
• Mijn enkel doet altijd pijn
• Mijn enkel doet soms pijn

This placement is very natural in Dutch. English speakers may want to copy English word order too closely, but doet nog pijn is the normal Dutch phrasing.

Usually, this is written as two words: rechter enkel.

In Dutch, body-part combinations like this are commonly written separately:

• rechterhand and rechter hand can both be seen in some contexts, but with body parts modern usage often prefers separate words in ordinary sentences.
• rechter enkel is the safest choice for learners.

If you want to sound natural and avoid spelling mistakes, writing mijn rechter enkel is a good choice.

No. They are just the same form in writing.

In this sentence, rechter is an adjective meaning right-side.

Dutch also has:

• de rechter = the judge

But that is a completely different word in meaning and function. Context makes the difference clear.

Yes, but it is not exactly the same in tone.

• Mijn enkel doet pijn = the most common, everyday way to say My ankle hurts
• Mijn enkel is pijnlijk = My ankle is painful / sore

Pijnlijk is more descriptive and can sound a bit more formal or clinical depending on context. In everyday speech, doet pijn is usually the most natural choice.

Dutch can do both, but it very naturally allows the body part itself to be the subject.

Two common patterns are:

• Mijn rechter enkel doet nog pijn.
• Ik heb nog pijn in mijn rechter enkel.

Both are correct. Dutch simply uses the body-part-as-subject structure more comfortably than English sometimes does.

Then both the noun and the verb would become plural:

• Mijn rechter en linker enkel doen nog pijn is possible if you mean the right and left ankle together, though it sounds a bit awkward because enkel is singular there.
• More naturally: Mijn enkels doen nog pijn. = My ankles still hurt.

If you want to mention both specifically:

• Mijn rechter- en linkerenkel doen nog pijn may appear in more careful written style
• but in normal speech, Mijn enkels doen nog pijn is usually easiest

The key grammar point is:

• singular: enkel doet
• plural: enkels doen

A rough English-friendly guide is:

• enkel ≈ EN-kul

A bit more precisely:

• en sounds somewhat like en in ten
• kel has a reduced vowel in many accents, closer to kul than a clear English kell

And rechter is roughly:

• REKH-tur or REKH-ter, with the Dutch ch/g sound, which is harder than English k

So the full sentence is roughly:

• Mijn rechter enkel doet nog pijn
• ≈ Mine REKH-ter EN-kul doot nokh pine

That pronunciation guide is only approximate, but it can help at first.