Op de gladde vloer wil Anna niet uitglijden.

Dutch often puts a different element first to set the scene or give it emphasis. Here, Op de gladde vloer comes first to highlight the location: on the slippery floor.

So:

• Anna wil niet uitglijden op de gladde vloer = neutral order
• Op de gladde vloer wil Anna niet uitglijden = the floor/location is foregrounded

Both are natural, but the second one draws more attention to the slippery floor.

This is because Dutch is a verb-second language in main clauses.

That means the finite verb must come in the second position. If you put Op de gladde vloer first, then the verb must come next:

• Op de gladde vloer = position 1
• wil = position 2
• Anna = comes after the verb

So:

• Anna wil niet uitglijden.
• Op de gladde vloer wil Anna niet uitglijden.

Both follow the same rule: the conjugated verb is in second position.

Because glad is being used as an adjective before the noun vloer.

In Dutch, adjectives before a noun usually take -e:

• de gladde vloer = the slippery floor

Since vloer is a de-word, the adjective takes -e.

Compare:

• de gladde vloer
• een gladde vloer

With many nouns, the adjective still gets -e before the noun. The form without -e is much more limited, for example with some het-words after een:

• een glad oppervlak = a slippery surface

But here, with de vloer, it must be gladde.

Because op means on, and a floor is understood as a surface you are on.

So:

• op de vloer = on the floor

This matches English quite closely. Dutch normally says:

• op straat = on the street
• op de grond = on the ground
• op de vloer = on the floor

Uitglijden means to slip or to slip and lose your footing.

It is a very common verb for slipping on something smooth, wet, icy, or otherwise dangerous.

Examples:

• Ik glijd uit. = I slip.
• Ze is op het ijs uitgegleden. = She slipped on the ice.

It is a separable verb:

• infinitive: uitglijden
• present tense: ik glijd uit, zij glijdt uit
• past participle: uitgegleden

So in your sentence, the infinitive stays together because it comes at the end after the modal verb wil.

Because after a modal verb like will / can / must in Dutch, the other verb usually goes to the end in the infinitive.

Here:

• wil = wants
• uitglijden = to slip

So:

• Anna wil uitglijden would be incorrect
• Anna wil niet uitglijden is correct

This is very common in Dutch:

• Ik wil slapen. = I want to sleep.
• Zij kan komen. = She can come.
• Wij moeten werken. = We must work.

In this sentence, niet negates the verb phrase uitglijden.

So:

• wil niet uitglijden = does not want to slip

With modal verbs, niet often comes before the infinitive when that infinitive is what is being negated.

Here the idea is:

• Anna wants not to slip

So the placement is natural and standard.

It is possible, but it sounds less neutral.

The most natural versions are:

• Anna wil niet uitglijden op de gladde vloer.
• Op de gladde vloer wil Anna niet uitglijden.

Putting niet after op de gladde vloer can sound more contrastive, as if you are especially negating slipping there in a particular context.

So for an ordinary statement, your original sentence is a very good model.

No. Even though they look similar, Dutch wil here means wants, not future will.

It comes from the verb willen = to want.

So:

• Anna wil niet uitglijden = Anna does not want to slip

Compare:

• ik wil = I want
• jij wil / wilt
• hij wil
• wij willen

A learner should be careful not to read wil as the English future marker.

Yes:

• Op de gladde vloer = on the slippery floor
• wil = wants
• Anna = Anna
• niet = not
• uitglijden = to slip

Structure:

• [Location/topic] + [finite verb] + [subject] + [negation] + [infinitive]

So this sentence is a very good example of:

• fronting a prepositional phrase
• verb-second word order
• a modal verb
• an infinitive at the end

Yes, but it means something slightly different.

• vloer = floor, usually indoors
• grond = ground, earth, the surface under you more generally

So:

• op de gladde vloer = on the slippery floor
• op de gladde grond = on the slippery ground

If you are talking about a room or building, vloer is the natural choice.