Anna staat te leunen tegen de deur terwijl zij wacht.

Both are possible, but they are not exactly the same in feel.

• Anna leunt tegen de deur terwijl ze wacht = a simple statement: Anna leans/is leaning against the door while she waits/is waiting.
• Anna staat te leunen tegen de deur terwijl zij wacht = more descriptive. It highlights that she is standing there, in that posture, doing that action.

Dutch often uses staan / zitten / liggen / lopen + te + infinitive to show an ongoing action together with someone’s physical position:

• staan te praten = to be standing and talking
• zitten te lezen = to be sitting and reading
• liggen te slapen = to be lying asleep / lying there sleeping

So here, staat te leunen paints the scene a bit more vividly.

Dutch often uses verbs of position where English would simply use to be.

Here, staan is used because Anna is upright. Dutch likes to specify position:

• staan = stand
• zitten = sit
• liggen = lie

So instead of a general idea like Anna is leaning, Dutch can naturally say Anna staat te leunen, literally Anna stands leaning.

Using zijn would usually not be the normal choice here.

Because staan te + infinitive is a fixed Dutch pattern.

In this construction:

• staan te leunen
• zitten te wachten
• liggen te slapen
• lopen te zeuren

the word te links the posture verb to the infinitive.

So staat te leunen is one grammatical unit. You do not normally remove the te in this pattern.

Tegen usually means against when there is contact with a surface.

So:

• tegen de deur leunen = to lean against the door

This is the normal preposition for physical contact of this kind.

Compare:

• op de deur = on the door
• bij de deur = by the door / near the door
• tegen de deur = against the door

So tegen is the right choice because Anna is physically resting or pressing herself against the door.

Dutch often uses the simple present where English uses either the simple present or the present progressive.

So wacht can mean:

• waits
• is waiting

In this sentence, because the action is happening now or in a described scene, wacht is perfectly normal.

Dutch does not need a special -ing form the way English does. Context usually makes it clear.

Because terwijl introduces a subordinate clause, and in Dutch subordinate clauses the finite verb usually goes to the end.

Main clause:

• Anna staat te leunen tegen de deur

Subordinate clause:

• terwijl zij wacht

This is a very common Dutch word-order rule:

• Ik lees terwijl zij kookt.
• Hij belt terwijl ik werk.
• We praten terwijl zij wacht.

So after terwijl, you expect the verb later in the clause, often at the end if the clause is short.

Both mean she, but they are used a little differently.

• ze = the normal unstressed form, very common in speech and everyday writing
• zij = the stressed or more formal/full form

So:

• terwijl ze wacht sounds very natural and everyday
• terwijl zij wacht sounds a bit more formal, careful, or emphatic

In many contexts, ze would be more common, but zij is absolutely correct.

Yes. That is also a natural Dutch sentence.

Both are possible:

• Anna staat te leunen tegen de deur
• Anna staat tegen de deur te leunen

The difference is mostly one of rhythm and emphasis, not basic meaning.

A lot of learners notice that Dutch can place extra information like tegen de deur in different spots around the infinitive construction. That is normal. Native speakers may have preferences, but both versions are understandable and grammatical.

Usually, yes. It connects two actions that happen at the same time.

Here:

• Anna staat te leunen tegen de deur terwijl zij wacht
• Anna is leaning against the door while she waits/is waiting

Sometimes terwijl can also suggest contrast, similar to whereas:

• Hij werkt hard, terwijl zij niets doet. = He works hard, whereas she does nothing.

But in your sentence it is the simple time meaning: while.

Yes, Dutch can also use the progressive construction aan het + infinitive:

• Anna is tegen de deur aan het leunen terwijl ze wacht.

That also means Anna is leaning against the door while she is waiting.

The difference is roughly this:

• staan te leunen emphasizes posture or position
• aan het leunen emphasizes the ongoing action itself

Both are possible, but staan te leunen fits nicely because Anna is upright and the sentence is describing her physical stance.

Because the sentence has a main clause followed by a subordinate clause, and Dutch often places a comma before such a clause, especially in writing.

So:

• Anna staat te leunen tegen de deur, terwijl zij wacht.

The comma helps mark the boundary between the two parts.

In informal writing, punctuation can vary a little, but with a structure like this, the comma is very normal.