Learn Hardcore Dutch: Tom snijdt het brood, terwijl Anna de appels schilt. - Tom cuts the bread, while Anna peels the apples.

In the present tense, Dutch adds -t to the stem for he/she/it. The stem of bold snijden is bold snijd, so you get bold snijd + t → bold snijdt. The bold d is not pronounced separately; bold snijdt sounds like bold snijt (like English “snite”). Related tip:

jij/je takes -t when it comes before the verb: bold Jij snijdt het brood.
In inversion, the -t drops: bold Snijd jij het brood?
First person singular is bold ik snijd (informally also bold ik snij).

Why is the verb at the end in bold terwijl Anna de appels schilt?

Bold Terwijl introduces a subordinate clause. In Dutch subordinate clauses, the finite verb goes to the end. So: bold … Anna de appels schilt (not bold … Anna schilt de appels). If there are multiple verbs, they all go to the end: bold terwijl Anna de appels heeft geschild.

Do I need the comma before bold terwijl?

It’s customary and recommended to put a comma before a subordinate clause that follows the main clause: bold Tom snijdt het brood, terwijl …. In short sentences it’s sometimes omitted in informal writing, but keeping it improves clarity. If the subordinate clause comes first, you put a comma after it: bold Terwijl Anna de appels schilt, snijdt Tom het brood.

Can I swap the clause order?

Yes. Both are correct:

bold Tom snijdt het brood, terwijl Anna de appels schilt.
bold Terwijl Anna de appels schilt, snijdt Tom het brood.

Why bold het brood but bold de appels?

bold Brood is a neuter singular noun (a “het-word”): bold het brood.
bold Appel is a common-gender noun (a “de-word”): bold de appel; the plural of all nouns takes bold de: bold de appels.

Can I drop the articles to talk about the activities in general?

Yes:

bold Tom snijdt brood, terwijl Anna appels schilt. This sounds like describing general activities, not specific bread/apples in front of them. With bold het/de you point to specific items.

Is bold appels the only correct plural? What about bold appelen?

Both bold appels and bold appelen are correct. Bold Appels is by far the most common today; bold appelen sounds formal/old-fashioned or regional (more frequent in Belgium).

What’s the difference between bold schillen and bold pellen?

bold Schillen: peel with a peeler/knife; used for apples, potatoes, carrots.
bold Pellen: peel with your fingers or remove a shell/membrane; used for oranges, mandarins, hard-boiled eggs.

Should it be bold snijden, bold knippen, or bold hakken?

bold Snijden: cut with a knife (bread, meat, vegetables).
bold Knippen: cut with scissors (paper, hair).
bold Hakken: chop with a heavy knife/axe (wood; coarsely chopping food). For bread, bold snijden is the normal verb and often implies slicing.

How do I pronounce the tricky parts (bold snijdt, bold terwijl, bold schilt)?

bold ij sounds like English “eye.”
bold snijdt is pronounced like “snite” (the dt is just a t sound).
bold terwijl: ter- boldwijl (w like English v/w mix; ij = “eye”).
bold schilt: initial bold sch is [sx] (an s plus a guttural sound like German “Bach”); the final bold t is crisp.

How would I use pronouns here?

If the objects are known, you can replace them:

bold Tom snijdt het, terwijl Anna ze schilt. Here bold het refers to a singular neuter noun (bold het brood), and bold ze means “them” for a plural de-noun (bold de appels). In subordinate clauses the pronoun still comes before the verb: bold terwijl Anna ze schilt.

How do I say it in the past or perfect?

Simple past: bold Tom sneed het brood, terwijl Anna de appels schilde.
Present perfect: bold Tom heeft het brood gesneden, terwijl Anna de appels heeft geschild. Past participles: bold gesneden (irregular), bold geschild (regular).

Could I use bold als or bold wanneer instead of bold terwijl?

Not for the same meaning. Bold Terwijl means “while/at the same time as.” Bold Als/wanneer mean “when/whenever” (time point or condition), not simultaneity:

bold Tom snijdt het brood als Anna binnenkomt = when Anna comes in (not “while”).

Is there a way to say the English-style continuous “is cutting/peeling”?

Yes, with the “aan het” progressive:

bold Tom is het brood aan het snijden, terwijl Anna de appels aan het schillen is. Dutch often uses the simple present for ongoing actions, so the original sentence already sounds natural.