Breakdown of Het lange snoer waarop de lamp hangt, is gisteren vervangen.
zijn
to be
gisteren
yesterday
lang
long
waarop
on which
de lamp
the lamp
hangen
to hang
het snoer
the cord
vervangen
to replace
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Questions & Answers about Het lange snoer waarop de lamp hangt, is gisteren vervangen.
Why is the definite article het used before lange snoer?
Because snoer is a neuter (het-woord) noun in Dutch. Neuter singular nouns take het as their definite article; non-neuter (de-words) take de.
Why does the adjective lang get an -e ending (i.e. lange snoer) instead of remaining lang snoer?
In Dutch, an adjective preceding a noun takes -e when the noun is definite (het or de) or plural. Here het makes lang inflect to lange. (By contrast, you’d say een lang snoer with een, because indefinite neuter singular adjectives do not get -e.)
Why is waarop used as the relative pronoun instead of something like dat or die?
The verb hangen in this sentence requires the preposition op (“hangt op iets”). In Dutch relative clauses, when you need a preposition, you form waar + the preposition (for things) rather than “dat + preposition.” Thus op attaches to waar → waarop.
Why does the verb hangt appear at the end of the relative clause waarop de lamp hangt?
Relative clauses are subordinate clauses, and in Dutch subordinate clauses the finite verb goes to the end. Even though waarop appears first, you still follow a subject-object-verb pattern: de lamp (subject) + hangt (verb).
Why is hangt in the present tense, while the main verb is vervangen is in the past/perfect tense?
The relative clause waarop de lamp hangt describes a current state (the lamp still hangs from that cord), so it’s in the present. The main clause describes a completed action in the past (“was replaced yesterday”), so it uses the perfect passive is vervangen.
Why is the passive formed with is vervangen instead of werd vervangen?
Dutch often uses the perfect passive (zijn + past participle) to talk about past events, especially in everyday language. The simple past passive (werd + past participle) is also correct but is less common in conversation and more formal or literary.
Why does vervangen not have a ge- prefix (why not gevervangen)?
When a verb has an inseparable prefix (such as ver-, be-, her-, ont-), you do not add ge- to form the past participle. So vervangen stays vervangen.
Why is the time adverb gisteren placed between is and vervangen?
In a Dutch main clause with a perfect or perfect passive, the finite auxiliary (is) is in second position, and time-adverbs normally follow the auxiliary and precede the past participle: is (auxiliary) + gisteren (time) + vervangen (participle).
Can gisteren be moved to the very front of the sentence, and what happens then?
Yes. If you start with gisteren, you trigger subject-verb inversion. You’d get:
Gisteren is het lange snoer waarop de lamp hangt vervangen.
This emphasizes the time (“Yesterday…”). The finite verb is remains in second position.
Is the comma after hangt mandatory in “Het lange snoer waarop de lamp hangt, is gisteren vervangen”?
No. Commas around a restrictive relative clause (one that defines exactly which snoer we mean) are optional in Dutch. You may write it without a comma:
Het lange snoer waarop de lamp hangt is gisteren vervangen.
A comma is more typical for non-restrictive clauses (extra information), but here it simply marks a small pause.
How would you name who replaced the cord if you wanted to mention the agent?
In a passive sentence you introduce the agent with door. For example:
Het lange snoer waarop de lamp hangt is gisteren door de elektricien vervangen.