Jeg bekræfter tiden, aftaler en kontroltid og spørger om prisoverslaget.

Because they are in the present tense.

In Danish, the present tense is often formed with -er:

• at bekræfte → bekræfter
• at aftale → aftaler
• at spørge → spørger

So the sentence is describing what the speaker does / is doing:

• Jeg bekræfter = I confirm
• aftaler = arrange
• og spørger = and ask

Danish present tense can often translate as either simple present or present continuous in English, depending on context.

Because the same subject, Jeg (I), applies to all three verbs.

So this:

• Jeg bekræfter tiden, aftaler en kontroltid og spørger om prisoverslaget

means:

• I confirm the appointment/time, arrange a follow-up appointment, and ask about the cost estimate

You could repeat jeg before each verb, but it would usually sound unnecessary:

• Jeg bekræfter tiden, jeg aftaler en kontroltid, og jeg spørger om prisoverslaget

That is grammatically possible, but less natural here.

Tid means time, but in many contexts it can also mean an appointment time.

Tiden is the definite form, meaning:

• the time
• or more naturally here, the appointment / the scheduled time

Danish often uses the definite form when referring to a specific thing already known in the situation. So bekræfter tiden means something like:

• confirm the time
• confirm the appointment time

The ending -en is the definite article attached to the noun:

• en tid = a time / an appointment
• tiden = the time / the appointment

Yes, here aftaler is definitely a verb.

It comes from at aftale, which means to arrange or to agree on.

So:

• aftaler en kontroltid = arrange a check-up appointment

There is also a noun:

• en aftale = an agreement / an appointment
• aftaler = agreements / appointments (plural noun)

But in this sentence, aftaler comes after the subject and matches the pattern of the other present-tense verbs, so it is clearly the verb.

En kontroltid is a compound-like expression meaning a check-up appointment or follow-up appointment.

It is made from:

• kontrol = check / inspection / follow-up
• tid = time / appointment

In real usage, tid often means appointment, especially in medical, dental, or administrative contexts.

So en kontroltid is not just any time; it is a time booked for a check-up.

Because one is indefinite and the other is definite.

• en kontroltid = a check-up appointment
  This suggests the speaker is arranging a follow-up time, not referring to one already specifically identified.

• prisoverslaget = the cost estimate
  This suggests a specific estimate that is already known in the conversation or situation.

So:

• en = a/an
• the ending -et in prisoverslaget = the

Compare:

• et prisoverslag = a cost estimate
• prisoverslaget = the cost estimate

Because spørge om means to ask about.

In Danish:

• spørge om noget = ask about something
• spørge nogen om noget = ask someone about something

So:

• spørger om prisoverslaget = ask about the cost estimate

If you want to ask a person something, Danish can use a direct object too:

• Jeg spørger lægen om prisoverslaget = I ask the doctor about the cost estimate

The preposition om is very important here.

It is built from:

• pris = price
• overslag = estimate
• -et = the definite ending for a neuter noun

So:

• et prisoverslag = a cost estimate / price estimate
• prisoverslaget = the cost estimate

This is a very common type of Danish word formation: combining nouns into one longer word.

Unfortunately, you often have to learn that with each noun.

In this sentence:

• en tid
• en kontroltid
• et prisoverslag

That is why the definite forms are different:

• en tid → tiden
• et prisoverslag → prisoverslaget

A useful habit is to learn nouns with their article:

• en tid
• et prisoverslag
• en aftale
• et spørgsmål

That will help you form the definite form correctly later.

Yes, Danish often uses verb-second (V2) word order, but this sentence begins with the subject, so the normal order is:

• Jeg
  • bekræfter

That is the basic main-clause pattern.

There is no inversion here because nothing else has been moved to the front. If the sentence started with a time expression or another element, then inversion would happen:

• I dag bekræfter jeg tiden... = Today I confirm the appointment...

Here, though, the order is simple:

• Jeg bekræfter
• (jeg) aftaler
• og (jeg) spørger

Yes, very often.

In Danish, tid frequently means appointment time, and in many contexts English would naturally say appointment instead of time.

So depending on context, you might translate:

• Jeg bekræfter tiden as I confirm the appointment or I confirm the time
• aftaler en kontroltid as I arrange a follow-up appointment
• spørger om prisoverslaget as I ask about the cost estimate

That is a good example of how Danish and English do not always match word-for-word, even when the grammar is simple.