Læreren lægger flere noder på bordet og lukker døren til øvelokalet.

Because Danish usually marks definiteness by adding the definite article to the end of the noun.

• en lærer = a teacher
• læreren = the teacher

So -en is the definite ending for this common-gender noun.

This is a very common Danish learner question.

• lægge means to lay / put / place something somewhere
• ligge means to lie / be located

In this sentence, the teacher is actively putting the music sheets onto the table, so Danish uses lægger.

Compare:

• Læreren lægger noder på bordet. = The teacher puts music on the table.
• Noderne ligger på bordet. = The music sheets are lying on the table.

So lægger is the action of placing, while ligger describes the resulting position.

Flere can mean more or several, depending on context.

In this sentence, it means something like several / multiple or more, depending on what meaning was given to the learner.

Examples:

• flere bøger = more books / several books
• flere noder = more music sheets / several pieces of sheet music

Danish does not force the same distinction here that English sometimes does.

Noder is the plural of node, and in this context it means musical notes or more naturally sheet music / music sheets, depending on the situation.

So:

• en node = a musical note / a note in written music
• noder = notes / sheet music

A learner may expect something like noter, but noter usually means notes in the sense of written notes, remarks, or school notes. For music, Danish uses node.

Bordet means the table.

• et bord = a table
• bordet = the table

So på bordet means on the table.

Danish often uses the definite form when English would also use the, especially when the object is specific or understood from context.

• på et bord = on a table
• på bordet = on the table

Just på bord would not be normal here.

Because Danish nouns belong to different grammatical genders, and the definite ending depends on the gender.

• Common gender nouns usually take -en
• Neuter nouns usually take -et

In this sentence:

• en lærer → læreren
• en dør → døren
• et bord → bordet
• et øvelokale → øvelokalet

So the ending tells you both that the noun is definite and what gender class it belongs to.

Because the same subject applies to both verbs.

The sentence structure is:

• Læreren lægger flere noder på bordet
• og lukker døren til øvelokalet

English does the same:

• The teacher puts several music sheets on the table and closes the door to the practice room.

You do not need to repeat the teacher in the second part unless you want emphasis or a different structure.

This follows the normal Danish main-clause pattern: the finite verb is usually in position 2.

Here the order is:

1. Læreren = subject
2. lægger = finite verb
3. the rest of the sentence

This is the standard pattern in simple Danish statements.

If another element came first, the verb would still stay in second position:

• På bordet lægger læreren flere noder.

That is a classic feature of Danish word order.

Because til here means to, and it shows that this is the door to the practice room.

• døren til øvelokalet = the door to the practice room
• døren i øvelokalet = the door in the practice room

These mean different things.

So til connects the door with the room it leads to.

It is a compound noun:

• øve = to practice / rehearse
• lokale = room / premises
• øvelokale = practice room / rehearsal room
• øvelokalet = the practice room

Danish very often forms new nouns by combining words into one compound. English sometimes writes these as separate words, but Danish usually writes them as one word.

Danish often uses the simple present where English might use either the simple present or the present progressive.

So:

• Læreren lægger ... og lukker ...

can mean:

• The teacher puts ... and closes ...
• The teacher is putting ... and closing ...

The exact English translation depends on context. Danish does not need a special progressive form here.

The two letters that often trouble English speakers here are æ and ø.

• æ in lærer is somewhat like the vowel in English cat, but usually a bit more open and different in quality.
• ø in øve is a rounded front vowel that English does not really have. You can think of it as saying an e-like vowel while rounding your lips.

Very rough help:

• læreren ≈ LEH-rer-en with a Danish-style æ
• øvelokalet ≈ EUH-ve-lo-ka-let with rounded lips on ø

These are only approximations. The real Danish sounds are worth listening to from native audio.

Here og simply joins two actions done by the same subject:

• lægger ... og lukker

It does not change the basic tense or subject. Both verbs are in the present tense, and both are performed by læreren.

So the structure is very straightforward:

• subject + verb + object/place
• og
• second verb + object

That makes this sentence a good example of coordinated verbs in Danish.