Jeg går ned i gården med skraldeposen, før jeg går i seng.

Because the sentence describes two separate actions:

• Jeg går ned i gården = I go down into the courtyard
• jeg går i seng = I go to bed

Danish uses the verb gå in both places, but the meanings are slightly different because of the phrases around it:

• gå ned i gården = physically walk/go down to the courtyard
• gå i seng = an idiomatic expression meaning go to bed

So even though English uses go in both cases too, the Danish sentence is not repetitive in an unusual way. It is completely natural.

Jeg går ned i gården med skraldeposen focuses on the speaker walking down to the courtyard, while carrying the trash bag.

• gå = go / walk
• tage can sometimes mean take, but jeg tager skraldeposen ned i gården would emphasize taking the bag more than going down

The sentence as written is very natural if the main point is the little routine: I go down to the courtyard with the trash bag before bed.

Ned means down, and i gården means into the courtyard / in the courtyard.

Together, gå ned i gården means something like:

• go down into the courtyard
• go down to the courtyard

In English, we often say to the courtyard, but Danish often uses i where English uses to, especially when the idea is movement into an area.

The word ned suggests movement downward, which makes sense if the speaker is in an apartment or on an upper floor and goes down to the courtyard.

This is a common question, because English often uses to where Danish uses i.

In Danish:

• i gården can be used with movement when the meaning is into the courtyard area
• til gården would sound more like movement to the courtyard as a destination, but it is less natural here

So jeg går ned i gården is the idiomatic choice.

A useful way to think about it is:

• i often focuses on being in/inside an area
• with motion verbs, Danish can still use i if the destination is understood as entering that space

Because gården is the definite form of gård.

• en gård = a courtyard / a yard / a farm
• gården = the courtyard / the yard / the farm

Danish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of putting a separate word in front:

• en pose = a bag
• posen = the bag

So:

• gården = the courtyard
• skraldeposen = the trash bag

Med skraldeposen means with the trash bag, so it sounds like a specific bag, probably the one the speaker is taking out right now.

• med skraldeposen = with the trash bag
• med en skraldepose = with a trash bag

Both are grammatically possible, but they mean slightly different things:

• med skraldeposen sounds more natural if we already know which bag it is
• med en skraldepose would sound less specific, as if any trash bag would do

In everyday speech, the definite form is very common for familiar, context-known things.

Skraldeposen is made up of:

• skrald = trash / rubbish
• pose = bag
• posen = the bag

So skraldeposen means:

• the trash bag
• the garbage bag
• the rubbish bag

Depending on the variety of English, any of those translations can work.

Because før jeg går i seng is a subordinate clause: before I go to bed.

In Danish, comma use before subordinate clauses depends somewhat on the comma system being followed:

• some writers use a comma before subordinate clauses
• some do not

So both of these may be seen:

• Jeg går ned i gården med skraldeposen, før jeg går i seng.
• Jeg går ned i gården med skraldeposen før jeg går i seng.

The version with the comma is perfectly normal.

Because after før, Danish uses a subordinate clause, and subordinate clauses normally keep the subject before the verb:

• før jeg går i seng = before I go to bed

Compare:

• Main clause: Jeg går i seng
• Subordinate clause: før jeg går i seng

There is no inversion here. English works similarly:

• I go to bed
• before I go to bed

So the Danish word order is very straightforward in this part.

Because gå i seng is a fixed expression meaning go to bed.

There is an important difference:

• gå i seng = go to bed (the action of going to bed)
• være i sengen = be in the bed / be in bed

So:

• jeg går i seng = I go to bed
• jeg er i sengen = I am in the bed / in bed

This is similar to English, where go to bed does not usually mean go to the specific physical bed as an object, but rather go to sleep / go for the night.

Grammatically, går is present tense, but in Danish the present tense is often used for:

• habitual actions: something you usually do
• near-future actions: something you are going to do

So the sentence could mean:

• I take the trash bag down to the courtyard before I go to bed
  → a habit / routine

or, depending on context:

• I’m going down to the courtyard with the trash bag before I go to bed
  → a planned action

Danish does this very often, just like English sometimes does with the present: I go to the gym after work.

Not always. Gård can mean different things depending on context, such as:

• courtyard
• yard
• farm

In this sentence, because of ned i gården med skraldeposen, the most natural meaning is courtyard—especially in an apartment-building context, where someone goes downstairs to take out the trash.

So here gården is very unlikely to mean farm.

Yes. A few natural alternatives are possible, depending on what you want to emphasize:

• Jeg går ned med skraldeposen i gården, før jeg går i seng.
• Jeg tager skraldeposen med ned i gården, før jeg går i seng.
• Før jeg går i seng, går jeg ned i gården med skraldeposen.

These all sound a bit different in focus:

• går ned i gården med skraldeposen emphasizes the movement down to the courtyard
• tager skraldeposen med emphasizes bringing the bag along
• starting with Før jeg går i seng emphasizes the time relationship

But the original sentence is completely natural.

A few words may be tricky for English speakers:

• jeg: often pronounced more like yai / yaĭ depending on accent, not with a hard English j
• går: the å sound is important; it is not like English go
• gården: the d is usually very soft
• skraldeposen: a long compound word, but it helps to think of it as skrald + pose + n
• før: the vowel sound may be difficult at first
• seng: the final ng is pronounced like in English sing, not as a separate n + g

Danish pronunciation often differs a lot from the spelling, so it is very normal if these words feel harder to say than to understand.