Stationen ligger længere fra huset end skolen.

In this sentence, ligger means is located / is situated.

Danish often prefers position verbs for location:

• ligge = lie, be located
• stå = stand
• sidde = sit

So Stationen ligger ... is more natural than Stationen er ... when talking about where something is.

You can sometimes say Stationen er længere fra huset..., and people will understand it, but ligger sounds more idiomatic for a place on a map.

Because Danish usually puts the definite article at the end of the noun.

So:

• station = station

• stationen = the station

• hus = house

• huset = the house

• skole = school
• skolen = the school

This is one of the big differences from English: instead of a separate word like the, Danish often adds the definite ending directly to the noun.

That is because Danish nouns have genders.

• en station → stationen
• en skole → skolen
• et hus → huset

So:

• common gender nouns usually take -en in the definite singular
• neuter nouns usually take -et in the definite singular

Here, station and skole are common gender, while hus is neuter.

Længere means farther / further here.

It is the comparative form of lang:

• lang = long
• længere = longer / farther

In expressions of distance, Danish often uses langt fra and længere fra:

• langt fra huset = far from the house
• længere fra huset = farther from the house

So even though the basic idea comes from long, the meaning in this sentence is about distance.

It is functioning adverbially here.

It does not describe a noun directly. It describes the location relation expressed by ligger ... fra huset.

So:

• en længere vej = a longer road
  
  • here længere is an adjective
• ligger længere fra huset = is located farther from the house
  
  • here længere works adverbially

That is why it is best understood as farther in this sentence.

The structure is:

• fra huset = from the house
• end skolen = than the school

The full idea is:

The station is farther from the house than the school is.

So skolen is the second item in the comparison.

A good way to see it is:

• stationen ligger længere fra huset
• end skolen gør

In English, this kind of shortened comparison is also common:

• The station is farther from the house than the school.

Because Danish, like English, often leaves out repeated words when they are understood from context.

The fuller version would be:

Stationen ligger længere fra huset end skolen gør.

Here, gør stands in for the repeated idea of ligger længere fra huset.

So the shorter sentence is perfectly normal. The missing part is simply understood.

Yes, that is a very natural question for an English speaker.

This sentence does not normally mean that.

Stationen ligger længere fra huset end skolen means:

• The station is farther from the house than the school is.

If you want to say:

• The station is farther from the house than from the school

you would normally say:

Stationen ligger længere fra huset end fra skolen.

So:

• end skolen = than the school
• end fra skolen = than from the school

That little fra makes a big difference.

End means than.

It is used after comparatives:

• større end = bigger than
• mindre end = smaller than
• længere end = farther/longer than

So in this sentence:

• længere ... end ... = farther ... than ...

Do not confuse end with:

• og = and
• fra = from

The sentence follows normal Danish main-clause word order:

• Stationen = subject
• ligger = finite verb
• længere = comparative adverb
• fra huset = prepositional phrase
• end skolen = comparison phrase

So the pattern is basically:

Subject + verb + rest

This is normal in Danish main clauses. If another element were placed first, the verb would still stay in second position. For example:

• Fra huset ligger stationen længere væk end skolen.

That sounds more marked, but it shows the same verb-second pattern.

Yes, you could.

længere væk means farther away, so this version is also natural:

Stationen ligger længere væk fra huset end skolen.

Compared with the original:

• ligger længere fra huset = is farther from the house
• ligger længere væk fra huset = is farther away from the house

Both are correct. The version without væk is slightly more compact, while the version with væk can feel a little more conversational or emphatic.