Vores chef viser en præsentation på whiteboardet i mødelokalet.

Vores is the normal modern Danish possessive for our.

You may also see vor, vort, and vore, but those are more formal, literary, old-fashioned, or stylistically marked. In everyday Danish, vores is the usual choice regardless of the gender or number of the noun that follows.

So:

• vores chef = our boss
• vores bil = our car
• vores børn = our children

Because præsentation is a common-gender noun in Danish, so its indefinite singular article is en.

The basic form is:

• en præsentation = a presentation

If it were definite, it would usually be:

• præsentationen = the presentation

In this sentence, en præsentation is indefinite, so it means the speaker is referring to a presentation, not a specific one already identified as the presentation.

Viser is the present tense of the verb vise.

• at vise = to show
• viser = shows / is showing

In Danish, the present tense is very often made with -r, and the verb does not change for different persons:

• jeg viser = I show
• du viser = you show
• han/hun viser = he/she shows
• vi viser = we show

So vores chef viser means our boss shows / is showing.

Because whiteboardet is the definite singular form: the whiteboard.

The noun is:

• et whiteboard = a whiteboard
• whiteboardet = the whiteboard

Danish often puts the definite article at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

So:

• på et whiteboard = on a whiteboard
• på whiteboardet = on the whiteboard

Even though whiteboard is a loanword from English, Danish still gives it normal Danish grammar.

For the same reason as whiteboardet: it is the definite singular form.

The base noun is:

• et mødelokale = a meeting room
• mødelokalet = the meeting room

This word is also a compound noun:

• møde = meeting
• lokale = room / premises
• mødelokale = meeting room

So i mødelokalet means in the meeting room.

Because both nouns are neuter nouns in Danish.

Their basic forms are:

• et whiteboard
• et mødelokale

For many neuter nouns, the definite singular ending is -et:

• et hus → huset
• et whiteboard → whiteboardet
• et mødelokale → mødelokalet

By contrast, many common-gender nouns take -en in the definite singular:

• en chef → chefen
• en præsentation → præsentationen

Because the prepositions match the type of location involved.

• på whiteboardet = on the whiteboard
  You use på because a whiteboard is treated as a surface.

• i mødelokalet = in the meeting room
  You use i because a room is an enclosed space.

This works very much like English:

• on the wall
• on the board
• in the room
• in the office

So the Danish prepositions here are quite logical from an English-speaker’s point of view.

The sentence follows the normal Danish main-clause order:

Subject + Verb + Object + other information

So here you have:

• Vores chef = subject
• viser = verb
• en præsentation = object
• på whiteboardet = prepositional phrase
• i mødelokalet = prepositional phrase

That makes the structure very close to English:

Our boss shows a presentation on the whiteboard in the meeting room.

Yes, it could, depending on what you want to emphasize.

The original order is:

• på whiteboardet i mødelokalet

This sounds natural. But Danish allows some flexibility with adverbials and prepositional phrases.

For example, you could front a place phrase:

• I mødelokalet viser vores chef en præsentation på whiteboardet.

That means roughly In the meeting room, our boss is showing a presentation on the whiteboard.

Notice that Danish is a V2 language, so if something other than the subject comes first, the verb still stays in second position:

• I mødelokalet
  • viser
    • vores chef ...

Yes, it can be.

In Danish, chef usually means boss, manager, or chief, not specifically a cook.

So:

• en chef = a boss / manager
• chefen = the boss

An English speaker might first think of chef as the person who cooks in a restaurant, but in Danish that idea is usually expressed with words like:

• kok = cook / chef
• køkkenchef = head chef

So in this sentence, vores chef clearly means our boss, not our cook.

Because Danish usually marks definiteness by adding an ending to the noun.

Compare:

• en præsentation = a presentation

• præsentationen = the presentation

• et whiteboard = a whiteboard

• whiteboardet = the whiteboard

• et mødelokale = a meeting room
• mødelokalet = the meeting room

This is one of the biggest differences from English. Instead of putting the before the noun, Danish often attaches the definite article to the end.

There are some situations where Danish also uses a separate determiner, but in a simple sentence like this, the attached ending is the normal pattern.