Jeg har endnu ikke spist frokost.

I have not eaten lunch yet.

Breakdown of Jeg har endnu ikke spist frokost.

• jeg: I
• have: to have
• spise: to eat
• frokosten: the lunch
• ikke: not
• endnu: yet

Questions & Answers about Jeg har endnu ikke spist frokost.

What tense is used in the sentence "Jeg har endnu ikke spist frokost." and how is it formed?

The sentence is in the present perfect tense. It is formed by combining the auxiliary verb har (“have”) with the past participle spist (“eaten”). This tense is used to indicate that the action (in this case, eating lunch) has not yet been completed and remains relevant to the present.

What do the words endnu and ikke mean, and how are they used in this sentence?

In the sentence, endnu means yet, and ikke means not. Endnu is used to emphasize that the action of eating lunch has not happened up to now, while ikke negates the action. Their placement within the sentence follows Danish word order rules for negation and adverbs.

Why is the auxiliary verb har used instead of a simple past form?

Danish frequently uses the present perfect construction to describe actions that are connected to the present. By using har together with the past participle spist, the sentence highlights that the action of eating lunch remains undone at the current moment, rather than referring to a completed action in the distant past.

How does the word order in "Jeg har endnu ikke spist frokost." compare to the typical English sentence structure for this idea?

In English, the equivalent sentence is “I haven’t yet eaten lunch.” Both languages place the negation and the adverb that implies ongoing relevance in specific positions. Danish typically inserts endnu immediately after the auxiliary verb and before ikke, though a variation like “Jeg har ikke spist frokost endnu” is also acceptable. This flexibility in word order can slightly alter the emphasis but does not change the overall meaning.

What is the role of spist in the sentence, and from which verb is it derived?

Spist is the past participle form of the verb at spise (to eat). In the present perfect construction, it pairs with the auxiliary verb har to indicate that the action of eating (in this case, lunch) has not been performed yet.

Are there alternative ways to arrange the adverbs in this sentence, and if so, do they change the meaning?

Yes, there is some flexibility in the placement of adverbs in Danish. For example, “Jeg har ikke spist frokost endnu” conveys the same overall meaning—that lunch has not been eaten yet. While both versions are grammatically correct, the positioning of endnu can subtly shift the emphasis, but it does not change the fundamental message of the sentence.