Jeg går fra paskontrollen til afgangshallen.

In this sentence, går most literally means walk. So the idea is that the speaker is moving on foot from one place to another.

That said, in natural English, the best translation may sometimes be I’m going from passport control to the departure hall, even though the Danish verb is specifically gå.

• at gå = to walk / to go on foot
• jeg går = I walk / I am walking / I go on foot

If you wanted to avoid the idea of walking, Danish might use a different verb depending on the situation.

It can mean any of those, depending on context.

Danish usually uses the simple present where English might choose either:

• I walk
• I am walking
• sometimes I’m going

So jeg går fra paskontrollen til afgangshallen can describe:

• a current action: I’m walking from passport control to the departure hall
• a general or repeated action, if the context supports that

Danish does not use an exact equivalent of the English be + -ing form as often as English does.

Because fra ... til ... is the normal Danish pair for from ... to ....

• fra = from
• til = to

So:

• fra paskontrollen = from passport control
• til afgangshallen = to the departure hall

This is a very common pattern for movement between two places.

The -en is the definite article attached to the noun. It means the.

So:

• paskontrol = passport control
• paskontrollen = the passport control

and

• afgangshal = departure hall
• afgangshallen = the departure hall

In Danish, you usually put the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word before it.

Because Danish normally expresses the by adding it to the end of the noun.

Compare:

• en hal = a hall

• hallen = the hall

• en kontrol = a control / checkpoint
• kontrollen = the control / checkpoint

So afgangshallen already means the departure hall. You do not need a separate word like English the.

A separate definite word such as den is usually added when there is an adjective:

• den store afgangshal = the big departure hall

Yes. Danish uses compound nouns very often, just like German, and more often than English.

These are built as:

• pas
  • kontrol = paskontrol
• afgang
  • hal = afgangshal

They are written as one word in Danish.

A useful rule: the last part is the main noun.

So:

• afgangshal is a kind of hal
• paskontrol is a kind of kontrol

The word order is:

• Jeg = subject
• går = verb
• fra paskontrollen = prepositional phrase
• til afgangshallen = prepositional phrase

So the sentence follows a normal main-clause pattern:

subject + verb + other information

Also, Danish is a V2 language, which means the finite verb normally stays in the second position in main clauses.

For example, you can front the first phrase and still keep the verb second:

• Fra paskontrollen går jeg til afgangshallen.

That is still grammatical, though the original sentence is the most neutral version.

Because til shows movement toward a destination, while i shows being in a place.

• Jeg går til afgangshallen = I’m going to the departure hall
• Jeg går i afgangshallen = I’m walking in the departure hall

So in your sentence, the speaker starts at one place and moves to another, which is why til is correct.

Yes, it can.

On its own, jeg går can sometimes mean I’m leaving or I’m off, especially in sentences like:

• Jeg går nu. = I’m leaving now.

But in Jeg går fra paskontrollen til afgangshallen, the added route from X to Y makes the meaning clear: the speaker is physically moving from one location to another.

Usually går suggests going on foot, so if you are being very precise, you would use it when walking.

If the movement is by some other means, Danish may prefer another verb. For example:

• jeg tager bussen = I take the bus
• jeg kører = I drive / go by vehicle
• jeg rejser = I travel

But in many everyday situations, especially when moving around a building or airport, går is very natural if you mean you are simply walking from one area to another.