Moje sedadlo je tady.

Because sedadlo is a neuter singular noun, and the possessive word my has to agree with it.

So:

• můj is used with many masculine singular nouns
• moje or mé is used with neuter singular nouns like sedadlo

That is why Moje sedadlo is correct.

Example:

• můj stůl = my table
• moje sedadlo = my seat

Yes. Moje sedadlo je tady and Mé sedadlo je tady are both correct.

The difference is mostly style:

• moje sounds very common and natural in everyday speech
• mé is shorter and can sound a bit more formal, careful, or literary

A learner can safely use moje in most situations.

Sedadlo is neuter.

A very common clue is the ending:

• many Czech nouns ending in -o are neuter

So in this sentence:

• sedadlo = neuter singular
• moje matches it

This agreement is one of the most important features of Czech grammar.

In standard Czech, you normally do keep the verb být in the present tense.

So:

• Moje sedadlo je tady = correct
• Moje sedadlo tady = incomplete or nonstandard as a full sentence

What Czech often drops is the subject pronoun, not the verb. For example:

• Jsem tady = I am here

You do not need já, but you still need jsem.

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English.

These are both possible:

• Moje sedadlo je tady
• Tady je moje sedadlo

The basic meaning stays the same, but the emphasis changes:

• Moje sedadlo je tady puts more attention on my seat
• Tady je moje sedadlo puts more attention on here

So Czech word order often helps show what is new, important, or contrasted.

All three can mean here, but they differ in style.

• tady = the most common everyday choice
• zde = more formal, often seen in writing, signs, announcements
• tu = shorter, sometimes literary, regional, or used in certain expressions

For most learners, tady is the safest and most natural option in speech.

Because Czech does not have articles like English a and the.

Czech usually shows definiteness through:

• context
• word order
• demonstratives when needed

In this sentence, moje already makes the noun specific, so English says my seat, but Czech still does not need any separate article.

• moje sedadlo is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence
• je is the 3rd person singular of být = to be
• tady is an adverb, so it does not have a case

So the structure is basically:

subject + verb + adverb of place

A rough English-friendly guide is:

MO-ye SE-da-dlo ye TA-dy

A few useful points:

• Czech stress usually falls on the first syllable of each word
• j in Czech sounds like English y
• so je sounds like ye
• moje sounds roughly like MO-ye

This sentence is actually a nice beginner sentence because it has no especially difficult sounds like ř.

Yes, but it means something a little different.

• Moje sedadlo je tady = My seat is here
• To je moje sedadlo = That is my seat or This is my seat

So:

• Moje sedadlo je tady focuses on location
• To je moje sedadlo focuses on identifying the seat

Both are useful, but they are not exactly the same sentence.

Both words can be used, but they are not exactly the same.

• sedadlo = the physical seat
• místo = a place or spot, often a seat in a more abstract sense

For example, on a train or plane:

• Moje sedadlo je tady = My seat is here
• Moje místo je tady can also work, especially if you mean your assigned place

So sedadlo is very natural when you are talking about the actual seat itself.