Zpěvák stojí na pódiu s kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem.

Because na changes case depending on whether you mean location or movement toward a place.

• na + locative = on / at a place
  
  • na pódiu = on the stage
• na + accusative = onto / to a place
  
  • jde na pódium = he is going onto the stage

In this sentence, the singer is already standing there, so Czech uses the locative: na pódiu.

Because the preposition s meaning with takes the instrumental case.

So:

• kytarista → s kytaristou
• hudebník → s hudebníkem

This is one of the most common things learners notice in Czech: after certain prepositions, nouns must change form.

Here, s kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem means with a guitarist and another musician, and both nouns are in the instrumental.

Because adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in case, gender, and number.

Since hudebníkem is:

• masculine animate
• singular
• instrumental

the adjective další must also be in that same form:

• další hudebník = nominative
• s dalším hudebníkem = instrumental

So dalším is simply the correct instrumental form of další here.

They belong to different noun patterns.

• kytarista is a masculine animate noun ending in -a
• hudebník is a masculine animate noun ending in a consonant

In the instrumental singular, these patterns give different endings:

• kytarista → kytaristou
• hudebník → hudebníkem

So both are in the same case, but they decline differently because they are different noun types.

Yes. Czech works like English here.

In s kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem, the preposition s governs both nouns:

• with the guitarist
• and another musician

You do not need to repeat s before the second noun, though you could in some contexts for emphasis or clarity.

Stojí is the 3rd person singular present tense of stát, meaning to stand.

So:

• já stojím = I stand / am standing
• ty stojíš = you stand
• on/ona stojí = he/she stands

Since the subject is zpěvák (the singer), Czech uses stojí.

Yes, Czech word order is fairly flexible.

Zpěvák stojí na pódiu s kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem. is a neutral, natural sentence.

But Czech could also say things like:

• Na pódiu stojí zpěvák s kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem.
• S kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem stojí na pódiu zpěvák.

These alternatives shift emphasis slightly. Czech often uses word order to show what is already known information and what is new or important.

Yes, zpěvák is a masculine animate noun.

You can often tell from:

• its meaning: it refers to a male person, singer
• its form: many masculine nouns end in a consonant, like hudebník, zpěvák

This matters because masculine animate nouns have their own declension patterns and affect adjective forms and some verb agreement patterns in other contexts.

Yes, s and se are two forms of the same preposition.

• s is the basic form
• se is used when pronunciation is easier that way

In this sentence, s kytaristou is completely normal.

You might see se before words where s + following sounds would be awkward, for example:

• se mnou = with me
• se školou = with the school

So here, s kytaristou is the expected choice.

Kytarista is specific: guitarist.
Hudebník is broader: musician.

So s kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem suggests there are two different accompanying people:

• one is a guitarist
• the other is another musician

The word dalším makes it clear that this is an additional person, not just another way of describing the guitarist.

Pódium means stage, and pódiu is its locative singular form after na.

Pronunciation roughly:

• pó has a long o
• diu is pronounced smoothly, approximately dee-oo in sequence

The accent mark over ó in Czech shows vowel length, not stress. Czech stress usually falls on the first syllable of the word, regardless of vowel length.

So pódiu has:

• stress on the first syllable
• a long ó

A rough guide:

• zpěvák ≈ zpyeh-vaak
• stojí ≈ sto-yee

A few useful notes:

• ě often changes the sound of the consonant before it and is not just a simple e
• í is a long ee
• Czech spelling is generally consistent, so pronunciation gets easier once you learn the sound system

Also, zp at the start of zpěvák can feel unusual for English speakers, but consonant clusters like that are normal in Czech.

Then Czech would use a verb of motion and usually na + accusative instead of na + locative.

For example:

• Zpěvák jde na pódium s kytaristou a dalším hudebníkem.

Compare:

• stojí na pódiu = is standing on the stage
• jde na pódium = is going onto the stage

This location vs. direction contrast is very important in Czech.

Yes. Czech has no articles, so there is no direct equivalent of the or a/an.

That means:

• zpěvák can mean the singer or a singer
• kytaristou can mean with a guitarist / the guitarist
• hudebníkem can mean with a musician / the musician

The exact interpretation depends on context. In many learning materials, one natural English translation is chosen, but the Czech sentence itself does not mark articles explicitly.