Mému bratrovi nechutná kyselý jogurt, ale mně ano.

Because the verb chutnat works like to taste good to someone or to appeal to someone in taste.

So in Czech, the person who experiences the taste is put in the dative:

• Mému bratrovi nechutná kyselý jogurt. = Sour yogurt does not taste good to my brother.
• Mně ano. = It does to me.

This is different from English, where we usually say My brother doesn’t like sour yogurt and use the person as the subject. In Czech, with chutnat/nechutnat, the food is more like the grammatical subject, and the person is in the dative.

Because můj bratr is nominative, but after chutnat/nechutnat, the person must be in the dative.

Here is the pattern:

• nominative: můj bratr = my brother
• dative: mému bratrovi = to my brother

Both words change:

• můj → mému
• bratr → bratrovi

So mému bratrovi means to my brother, which is exactly what this verb requires.

Because the grammatical subject is kyselý jogurt, which is singular.

The structure is basically:

• kyselý jogurt = subject
• nechutná = singular verb
• mému bratrovi = dative experiencer

So Czech is literally saying something like:

• Sour yogurt does not taste good to my brother.

If the subject were plural, the verb would also be plural:

• Mému bratrovi nechutnají kyselé jogurty. = My brother doesn’t like sour yogurts.

Because it is the grammatical subject of the sentence.

With chutnat/nechutnat, the thing being tasted or liked is usually in the nominative:

• Jogurt chutná.
• Polévka chutná dětem.
• Káva mi nechutná.

So in your sentence:

• kyselý jogurt = nominative singular masculine inanimate
• it is the thing that does / does not taste good

That is why the adjective and noun are:

• kyselý jogurt

not, for example, accusative kyselý jogurt by coincidence of form, or some other case. Here it is nominative because it is the subject.

Nechutná is the negative form of chutná, from the verb chutnat.

In this sentence, it means:

• doesn’t taste good
• isn’t tasty to
• very naturally in English: doesn’t like

So:

• Mému bratrovi nechutná kyselý jogurt means literally Sour yogurt does not taste good to my brother but naturally My brother doesn’t like sour yogurt.

A useful contrast:

• chutnat = to taste good to someone / to be liked in terms of taste
• mít rád = to like in a more general sense

So chutnat is especially used for food and drink.

Here ano stands for the whole positive idea from the first clause.

So:

• Mému bratrovi nechutná kyselý jogurt, ale mně ano.

literally means:

• Sour yogurt doesn’t taste good to my brother, but to me, yes.

In fuller form, you could understand it as:

• ... ale mně kyselý jogurt chutná.

But Czech often avoids repetition when the meaning is clear. Using ano after a negative statement is very common in this kind of contrast.

Because the pronoun must also be in the dative.

The forms are:

• já = I (nominative)
• mě / mne = me (accusative / genitive)
• mně / mi = to me (dative)

Since chutnat takes the person in the dative, Czech needs:

• mně or mi

In this sentence, mně is used because it is stressed and contrasted:

• ... ale mně ano = ... but I do

The longer form mně is especially common when the pronoun is emphasized.

Normally, ale mně ano is the better choice here.

Both mně and mi are dative forms of I, but they are used differently:

• mi is usually unstressed and tends to stand in certain clitic positions
• mně is stressed and used for contrast or emphasis

Since the sentence contrasts two people:

• to my brother, no — but to me, yes

the stressed form mně is the natural one.

So ale mně ano is the standard phrasing.

Because Czech often uses ano to mean yes, it is / yes, that’s true / yes, in my case it does when answering or contrasting a previous negative statement.

Compare:

• Mému bratrovi nechutná kyselý jogurt, ale mně ano.
• full version: ..., ale mně kyselý jogurt chutná.

The shorter version is more natural because it avoids repeating information that is already obvious.

This is similar to English:

• My brother doesn’t like sour yogurt, but I do.

English uses do; Czech often uses ano in this kind of contrast.

Yes, Czech word order is flexible, but the version you have is natural and clear.

Your sentence:

• Mému bratrovi nechutná kyselý jogurt, ale mně ano.

puts focus on my brother first, then contrasts it with me.

Other possible versions could exist, for example:

• Kyselý jogurt mému bratrovi nechutná, ale mně ano.

This version brings kyselý jogurt to the front, perhaps because that is the topic.

However, for learners, the original sentence is a very good neutral model.

Yes. Kyselý jogurt means sour yogurt.

The adjective kyselý must agree with jogurt in:

• gender
• number
• case

Jogurt is:

• masculine inanimate
• singular
• nominative

So the adjective is also:

• masculine inanimate
• singular
• nominative

That gives:

• kyselý jogurt

If the noun changed, the adjective would change too:

• kyselému jogurtu = to sour yogurt
• kyselé jogurty = sour yogurts

Yes.

• chutnat is mainly for food and drink, and focuses on taste
• mít rád means to like in a broader, more general sense

Examples:

• Chutná mi pizza. = Pizza tastes good to me / I like pizza.
• Mám rád italskou kuchyni. = I like Italian cuisine.

In many food-related contexts, both can work, but chutnat sounds more specifically about flavor or the eating experience.

So in your sentence, nechutná is very natural because the topic is yogurt.

A very useful pattern is:

• [Dative person] + chutná / nechutná + [thing in nominative]

For example:

• Mně chutná čaj.
• Dětem nechutná špenát.
• Kamarádovi chutnají koláče.

Your sentence follows exactly that pattern:

• Mému bratrovi = to my brother
• nechutná = does not taste good
• kyselý jogurt = sour yogurt
• ale mně ano = but to me, yes

So if you remember this as a set structure, it becomes much easier to use.

Yes, mně can feel tricky at first.

Important points:

• It is pronounced as one syllable.
• In normal modern pronunciation, mně often sounds close to mňe.
• Learners often find the mn cluster awkward.

You do not need to overcomplicate it at the beginning. The main practical thing is to recognize that:

• mně = stressed dative form to me
• mě = a different form, usually accusative

Even if your pronunciation is not perfect at first, using the correct grammatical form matters most.

Because Czech has no articles like a, an, or the.

So Czech simply says:

• kyselý jogurt

and the exact English interpretation depends on context:

• sour yogurt
• the sour yogurt
• a sour yogurt

In your sentence, English most naturally uses the general meaning:

• My brother doesn’t like sour yogurt, but I do.

So this is not a missing word; Czech just does not use articles.