Moje nabíječka je doma vedle postele a budík proto ráno nezvonil.

Because nabíječka is a feminine singular noun.

The possessive můj changes to match the gender, number, and case of the thing possessed:

• můj = masculine singular
• moje / má = feminine singular
• moje / mé = neuter singular
• moji / mé = plural, depending on style and case

So:

• můj telefon = my phone
• moje nabíječka = my charger

In this sentence, nabíječka is the subject, so it is in the nominative, and the correct form is moje.

Nabíječka means charger.

It comes from the verb nabíjet, meaning to charge. The ending -čka is common in Czech nouns and often creates an object or tool associated with an action.

Examples:

• nabíjet telefon = to charge a phone
• nabíječka na telefon = phone charger

So moje nabíječka is simply my charger.

Doma means at home, and it is the normal Czech word for being at home.

• je doma = is at home

By contrast, v domě literally means in the house/building, and it focuses more on the physical building rather than the idea of home.

So:

• Jsem doma. = I am at home.
• Jsem v domě. = I am in the house.

In your sentence, doma is the natural choice.

Because the preposition vedle takes the genitive case when it means next to / beside.

The basic form is:

• postel = bed

But after vedle, it changes to genitive singular:

• vedle postele = next to the bed

So this is a normal case pattern:

• vedle domu = next to the house
• vedle školy = next to the school
• vedle postele = next to the bed

This is something worth memorizing: vedle + genitive.

Here it is singular.

• postel = bed
• postele can be:
  • genitive singular: of the bed / next to the bed
  • or nominative plural in other contexts: beds

In this sentence, because it follows vedle, it must be genitive singular, so the meaning is next to the bed, not next to the beds.

A usually means and.

Here it connects two clauses:

• Moje nabíječka je doma vedle postele
• budík proto ráno nezvonil

So the sentence structure is:

[Clause 1] a [Clause 2]

In English this is simply and. Depending on context, the overall sense may feel a bit like and so or and therefore, but the actual word a itself still just means and.

Proto means therefore / that’s why / for that reason.

It connects the second clause to the first and shows a consequence:

• charger is at home next to the bed
• therefore the alarm did not ring in the morning

So proto is marking the result.

Useful comparison:

• proto = therefore / that’s why
• protože = because

These are often confused by learners:

• Nezvonil, protože byl vybitý. = It didn’t ring because it was discharged.
• Byl vybitý, proto nezvonil. = It was discharged, therefore it didn’t ring.

Yes, Czech word order is more flexible than English, and proto can move.

Your sentence has:

• budík proto ráno nezvonil

This is perfectly natural. It puts budík first as the topic, then proto gives the logical connection.

Other possible word orders include:

• proto budík ráno nezvonil
• budík ráno proto nezvonil

These can all work, but they may sound slightly different in emphasis.

Czech often uses word order to manage focus and information flow, not just grammar. English is more rigid, but Czech allows several options as long as the case endings and verb forms make the relationships clear.

No—ráno is normally used by itself to mean in the morning / in the morning time.

So:

• ráno = in the morning
• dnes ráno = this morning
• zítra ráno = tomorrow morning

You do not say v ráno.

Examples:

• Ráno piju kávu. = I drink coffee in the morning.
• Budík ráno nezvonil. = The alarm didn’t ring in the morning.

So this is just the standard Czech way to express that time.

Nezvonil is the past tense, 3rd person singular, masculine, of zvonit = to ring.

Let’s break it down:

• zvonit = to ring
• zvonil = he/it rang
• nezvonil = he/it did not ring

The negative is formed by adding ne- to the verb:

• zvonil → nezvonil

Since budík is a masculine noun, the past tense uses the masculine form -l:

• budík zvonil
• budík nezvonil

In Czech past tense, the verb agrees with the subject in gender and number.

Since budík is masculine singular, the past participle is zvonil.

Compare:

• budík zvonil = the alarm rang (masculine)
• nabíječka byla = the charger was (feminine)
• auto stálo = the car stood/was parked (neuter)
• děti byly = the children were (plural)

So the -l ending tells you the subject is masculine singular.

Because Czech usually does not need subject pronouns when the subject is already clear.

In this sentence, the subject is explicitly given as budík, so adding on would be unnecessary.

Czech often leaves out subject pronouns unless they are needed for emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• Budík nezvonil. = The alarm didn’t ring.
• On nezvonil. = It/he didn’t ring.
  This would usually sound emphatic or contrastive.

So Czech is much more comfortable than English with omitting pronouns.

Because in Czech, a comma is usually not written before a when it simply connects two coordinated clauses.

So this is normal:

• Moje nabíječka je doma vedle postele a budík proto ráno nezvonil.

A comma before a can appear in special cases, but not in a basic X and Y structure like this one.

This is similar to English, where you also often do not need a comma before and in a short sentence.

Yes, that is a very good question. Both are possible in some contexts, but they are not exactly the same.

• zvonit = to ring, to be ringing
• zazvonit = to ring once / to go off / to start ringing

So:

• Budík nezvonil.
  The alarm was not ringing / didn’t ring.

• Budík nezazvonil.
  The alarm didn’t go off.

In many everyday contexts, especially with alarms, nezazvonil can sound very natural because it refers to the expected event of the alarm going off.
But nezvonil is also understandable and natural if the focus is on the state that the alarm was not ringing.

This is a matter of aspect:

• zvonit = imperfective
• zazvonit = perfective

Learners often meet both, and the choice depends on how the speaker views the action.

It could definitely be rearranged. Czech word order is flexible.

For example, these are all possible with slightly different emphasis:

• Moje nabíječka je doma vedle postele a budík proto ráno nezvonil.
• Moje nabíječka je doma vedle postele, proto budík ráno nezvonil.
• Budík ráno proto nezvonil, protože moje nabíječka je doma vedle postele.

The original sentence is natural, but Czech often allows movement of words like proto and ráno depending on what the speaker wants to emphasize.

So the grammar is carried mostly by:

• case endings
• verb forms
• agreement

rather than by a strict English-style word order.