Moje dcera má raději banán než pomeranč, ale já mám raději džus z pomeranče.

Czech does not have articles, so it does not use separate words for a/an or the.

So:

• banán can mean a banana or the banana
• pomeranč can mean an orange or the orange
• džus can mean juice or the juice

The exact meaning is understood from context. That is very normal in Czech.

Both are possible and both mean my daughter.

• má dcera is the shorter form
• moje dcera is also very common, especially in everyday speech

In this sentence, moje dcera is simply a natural way to say my daughter. A learner should recognize both má and moje as forms of můj.

Because Czech very often expresses to prefer with the phrase mít raději.

• mít rád = to like
• mít raději = to like better / to prefer

So:

• Moje dcera má raději banán než pomeranč = My daughter prefers a banana to an orange

There is also a verb preferovat, but it sounds more formal and less everyday than mít raději.

Yes, mám already tells you the subject is I, so já is not grammatically necessary.

It is included here for contrast:

• ale já... = but I...

That makes the contrast clearer:

• My daughter prefers a banana...
• but I prefer orange juice

So já adds emphasis, not basic grammatical information.

They are in the accusative, because they are direct objects of mít raději.

• má raději banán
• má raději pomeranč
• mám raději džus

In this sentence, the forms banán, pomeranč, and džus look the same as the nominative because they are masculine inanimate nouns, and in the singular their accusative is the same as their nominative.

So the case is changing grammatically, even though the word form does not visibly change.

Než means than in comparisons.

So:

• banán než pomeranč = banana rather than orange
• more literally: banana than orange

With raději, než is the normal word for comparing two choices:

• Mám raději čaj než kávu.
• I prefer tea to coffee.

For an English speaker, it helps to think of než as the standard comparison word after raději.

Because the preposition z requires the genitive case.

• basic form: pomeranč
• after z: z pomeranče

So:

• džus z pomeranče = juice from an orange

The ending changes because the noun has to go into the genitive after z.

Yes. Both are possible.

• pomerančový džus = orange juice
• džus z pomeranče = literally juice from an orange

In everyday Czech, pomerančový džus is often the more straightforward label-like expression. But džus z pomeranče is easy to understand and perfectly natural in context.

You may also hear džus z pomerančů (juice from oranges), especially when the speaker is thinking of oranges in general rather than one orange as the source.

Yes, Czech word order is flexible, but mám raději is a very common and natural order.

This sentence uses a neutral pattern:

• má raději banán
• mám raději džus

You can sometimes move words around in Czech for emphasis, but a learner should first get comfortable with this standard order:

subject + mít + raději + object

So this sentence is a good model to copy.

A few useful points:

• dcera sounds roughly like TSER-a
• raději sounds roughly like RA-dye-yi
• džus begins with dž, like the j in juice
• než ends with ž, like the s in measure
• pomeranče ends with če, with č like ch in church

Also, Czech stress normally falls on the first syllable of the word, so:

• MO-je
• DCE-ra
• RA-dě-ji
• PO-me-ranč

Because ale means but and joins two main clauses.

The sentence has two parts:

• Moje dcera má raději banán než pomeranč
• ale já mám raději džus z pomeranče

In Czech, a comma is normally written before ale in this kind of sentence, just as English often uses a comma before but.

Yes. Raději is the comparative form related to rád / ráda and means something like more gladly.

That is why:

• mít rád = to like
• mít raději = to like better

So even if you translate it as prefer, the Czech structure is built from the idea of liking something more.