Chtěl bych jednou bydlet v centru města blízko školy.

Chci = I want (direct, present, can sound a bit strong or blunt).

Chtěl bych = literally I would want → idiomatically I would like / I’d like.

So chtěl bych is:

• conditional (softer, more polite, more hypothetical)
• often used for wishes about the future, dreams, polite requests, etc.

In this sentence, Chtěl bych jednou… feels like I’d like to someday…, not I want to… which would sound too direct in Czech here.

The past form chtěl agrees with the speaker’s gender:

• male speaker: Chtěl bych…
• female speaker: Chtěla bych…

Only chtěl / chtěla changes for gender; bych (the conditional particle) stays the same:

• man: Chtěl bych jednou bydlet…
• woman: Chtěla bych jednou bydlet…

Czech usually drops subject pronouns because the verb form already shows the person:

• (Já) chtěl bych… = I would like…

You can add já for emphasis, similar to stressing I in English:

• Já bych chtěl jednou bydlet… = I would like (as opposed to someone else).

Neutral, everyday version is without já: Chtěl bych…

Jednou has two main uses:

1. Once, one time (purely counting):

   • Byl jsem tam jen jednou. = I’ve been there only once.

2. Someday / one day (in the future) – that’s the meaning in your sentence:

   • Chtěl bych jednou bydlet v centru… = I’d like to live in the center one day (at some point in my life).

Compared with:

• někdy = sometimes / at some time (less focused on the idea of a life goal)
• jeden den = one (specific) day, more concrete and often about a single day, not a general future dream

Yes, several positions are possible, with slight differences in emphasis:

• Chtěl bych jednou bydlet v centru města blízko školy.
  Neutral: focus on the wish; jednou just modifies bydlet.

• Jednou bych chtěl bydlet v centru města blízko školy.
  Slightly more storytelling / dreamy: One day, I’d like to live…

• Chtěl bych bydlet jednou v centru města…
  Possible but sounds less natural; it can suggest at one point among others, not so much a life dream.

The most common neutral versions are the first two.

Both can relate to living, but with different typical uses:

• bydlet = to reside, to live somewhere (address, housing)

  • Bydlím v Praze. = I live (I reside) in Prague.
  • Focus on where you live.

• žít = to live in the sense of being alive / way of life

  • Žiju zdravě. = I live healthily.
  • Žiju v Praze. is also possible and common, but a bit broader (life there, not only the residence).

In a sentence about a place you’d like to have your home, bydlet is the most typical and precise verb.

The preposition v (in) usually takes the locative case for location.

• Nominative: centrum (center)
• Locative: v centru (in the center)

So:

• v centru = in the center (correct)
• v centrum = wrong (nominative after a preposition for location is not used here)

Grammatically:

• v centru – v
  • locative of centrum
• města – genitive of město (city)

So the structure is literally:

• v [centru] [města] = in the [center] [of the city]

Města is genitive because it answers center of what? → of the city.

You can also say:

• v městském centru (in the city center)

That’s adjective + noun instead of noun + genitive. Both are fine; v centru města is extremely common and very natural.

Blízko here is a preposition meaning near / close to, and it requires the genitive case.

• Nominative: škola (school)
• Genitive: školy (of the school)

So:

• blízko školy = near the school (correct)
• blízko škola = wrong (nominative)
• blízko škole = wrong with this preposition (that would be dative/locative, but blízko doesn’t take that)

Other ways to say near the school:

• u školy – by the school, next to the school
• nedaleko školy – not far from the school

All of these use školy (genitive).

It can be both in Czech:

1. Adverb: Je to blízko. = It is near / It’s close.
2. Preposition + genitive: bydlím blízko školy = I live near the school.

In your sentence, blízko is a preposition governing školy (genitive), so it’s functioning as a preposition.

No, not in standard Czech.

Czech alternates v and ve mainly for euphony (to avoid awkward consonant clusters):

• v Brně, but ve Vídni
• v škole is hard to say → we use ve škole

However, v centru is easy to pronounce, so ve centru sounds odd and is considered incorrect in standard language. The natural form is v centru města.

Czech has no articles (a / an / the). Definiteness is understood from context, word order, or extra words if needed.

So:

• v centru města can mean in the center of the city or in a city center, depending on context.
• blízko školy can mean near the school or near a school.

If you need to be more specific, you can add demonstratives or possessives:

• v centru toho města = in the center of that city
• blízko mojí školy = near my school

Key points for pronunciation:

• chtěl:

  • ch is like the German ch in Bach or Scottish loch.
  • tě is pronounced roughly ťe (soft t, like tye).
    Together it’s close to khtyel, one syllable.

• bych:

  • y is a short i sound (like bit, not bee).
  • Final ch again like loch.

• jednou: yed-no-u, smoothly, often [jednou] in careful speech, [jednou] with blended ou as one sound.

• bydlet: short y, not bídlet; stress on the first syllable: BYD-let.

• města:

  • mě is pronounced like mňe (soft m then nye sound).
  • So roughly mnyesta.

• školy:

  • š like English sh in ship.
  • Stress on ŠKO: ŠKO-ly.

Stress in Czech is always on the first syllable of each word:
CHTĚL bych JED-nou BYD-let v CEN-tru MĚS-ta BLÍZ-ko ŠKO-ly.