Politika u našoj državi je ponekad komplicirana.

Breakdown of Politika u našoj državi je ponekad komplicirana.

biti
to be
u
in
ponekad
sometimes
naš
our
kompliciran
complicated
politika
politics
država
country
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Questions & Answers about Politika u našoj državi je ponekad komplicirana.

Why is politika singular here when English usually says politics (which looks plural)?

In Croatian, politika is a regular feminine singular noun meaning politics (the field) or policy, depending on context.
Because it is grammatically singular, the verb and adjective are also singular: politika je … komplicirana.

Croatian does have a plural politike, but that usually means policies or different kinds of politics, not the general concept of politics.

Why is the verb je singular and not plural?

Je is the 3rd person singular form of biti (to be).
It agrees with the subject politika, which is singular.

So:

  • Politika je komplicirana.politika (singular) → je (singular)
    If the subject were plural, the verb would change, e.g.
  • Politike su komplicirane.politike (plural) → su (plural)
What case is u našoj državi, and why do našoj and državi have those endings?

U našoj državi is in the locative case.
The preposition u + a static location (in, inside) normally uses locative.

  • našoj = locative feminine singular of naš (our)
  • državi = locative feminine singular of država (state/country)

Both words must match in gender (feminine), number (singular), and case (locative), so you get u našoj državi.

What is the difference between u našoj državi and u našu državu?
  • u našoj državi – locative: in our country (static location, no movement)

    • Politika u našoj državi je komplicirana. – Politics in our country is complicated.
  • u našu državu – accusative: into our country (movement towards)

    • Ulazimo u našu državu. – We are entering our country.

So:

  • in somewhere → u
    • locative (u našoj državi)
  • into somewhere → u
    • accusative (u našu državu)
Why is it našoj državi and not just naša država?

Because of the preposition u.
Once you use u meaning in, it forces the noun phrase into the locative case, so naša država (nominative) must change to našoj državi (locative).

  • Nominative: naša državaOur country (as subject)
  • Locative: u našoj državiin our country

You can’t say u naša država; the endings must change to show the case.

Why is the adjective komplicirana ending in -a? What is the base form?

The base (dictionary) form is kompliciran (masculine singular).
Adjectives in Croatian agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they describe.

Here:

  • politika is feminine singular nominative
  • so kompliciran must also be feminine singular nominativekomplicirana

Other basic forms would be:

  • masculine: kompliciranZakon je kompliciran. (The law is complicated.)
  • feminine: kompliciranaPolitika je komplicirana.
  • neuter: kompliciranoPravilo je komplicirano. (The rule is complicated.)
Can I change the word order? For example, can I say Ponekad je politika u našoj državi komplicirana?

Yes. Croatian word order is relatively flexible, and all of these are grammatical:

  • Politika u našoj državi je ponekad komplicirana.
  • Politika u našoj državi ponekad je komplicirana.
  • Ponekad je politika u našoj državi komplicirana.
  • U našoj je državi politika ponekad komplicirana. (a bit more marked/emphatic)

The differences are mostly about emphasis and rhythm, not basic grammar.
Putting ponekad at the start ( Ponekad je… ) emphasizes sometimes more strongly.

Where can the adverb ponekad go in the sentence? Is Politika je komplicirana ponekad okay?

Common and natural positions include:

  • Politika u našoj državi je ponekad komplicirana.
  • Politika u našoj državi ponekad je komplicirana.
  • Ponekad je politika u našoj državi komplicirana.

Politika je komplicirana ponekad is understandable but sounds less natural and a bit clumsy; adverbs like ponekad usually go before the main adjective or verb phrase, not at the very end, in neutral sentences.

Does država mean state or country?

Država covers both ideas: it’s a sovereign political entity, so it can be translated as state or country, depending on context.

In everyday language:

  • državacountry / state (political unit)
  • zemlja often also means country, but can mean earth/ground/land too.

In this sentence, u našoj državi is best read as in our country.

What does politika mean here – politics or policy?

Politika in Croatian can mean both:

  1. Politics as a general field or activity:

    • Politika u našoj državi je ponekad komplicirana. – Politics in our country is sometimes complicated.
  2. Policy in a specific context:

    • Ekonomska politika države – the state’s economic policy.

In your sentence, it clearly means politics in general, not a single policy.