Djeca se igraju u parku.

Breakdown of Djeca se igraju u parku.

u
in
park
park
dijete
child
se
oneself
igrati se
to play
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Questions & Answers about Djeca se igraju u parku.

What is the function of se in this sentence, and do I always need it with igrati?

Se is a reflexive pronoun. With igrati se, it makes the verb reflexive and gives it the meaning “to play (for fun, like children do)”.

  • igrati se = to play (intransitive, children just playing)
    • Djeca se igraju. – The children are playing.
  • igrati (without se) is usually transitive: to play something
    • Djeca igraju nogomet. – The children are playing football.
    • Ona svira gitaru, a on igra šah. – She plays the guitar, and he plays chess.

In your sentence Djeca se igraju u parku, you need se, because they are just “playing” in general, not playing a specific game that you name.

Why is it igraju and not igra? What person and number is this?

Igraju is 3rd person plural (they).

Present tense of igrati se:

  • ja se igram – I play / I am playing
  • ti se igraš – you play (singular, informal)
  • on/ona/ono se igra – he/she/it plays
  • mi se igramo – we play
  • vi se igrate – you play (plural or formal)
  • oni/one/ona se igraju – they play

Djeca (children) is a plural noun, so the verb must also be plural: djeca se igraju, not djeca se igra.

What exactly is djeca? Is it singular or plural, and what is the singular form?

Djeca means children and is grammatically plural only. There is no singular djeca.

The singular form is dijetea child.

  • singular: dijete – child
  • plural: djeca – children

Some details:

  • Djeca always takes a plural verb:
    • Djeca su u parku. – The children are in the park.
    • Djeca se igraju. – The children are playing.
  • Adjectives with djeca are neuter plural:
    • mala djeca – small children
    • dobra djeca – good children

So think of djeca as “children (they)” grammatically.

Why is it u parku and not u park? What case is used here?

U parku uses the locative case of park.

  • Nominative (dictionary form): park – a park
  • Locative singular: parku – in the park

The preposition u (in) usually takes:

  • Locative for location (where?) – u parku = in the park (no movement)
  • Accusative for direction (where to?) – u park = into the park (movement toward)

Compare:

  • Djeca se igraju u parku. – The children are playing in the park. (they are already there)
  • Djeca idu u park. – The children are going to the park. (movement into it)
Why is there no word for “the” in Djeca se igraju u parku?

Croatian has no articles (no words like a, an, the).

Definiteness is understood from:

  • context,
  • word order,
  • sometimes from pointing words like ta djeca (those children), ova djeca (these children), etc.

So Djeca se igraju u parku can be translated depending on context as:

  • The children are playing in the park.
  • Children are playing in the park.
  • Some children are playing in the park.

English must choose an article; Croatian doesn’t have to.

Can I say Djeca igraju u parku without se? Does that sound OK?

Without se, the meaning changes.

  • Djeca se igraju u parku. – The children are playing in the park.
    (just playing, having fun)
  • Djeca igraju u parku. – This usually implies they play something in the park, e.g. football, a match, some specific game or role:
    • Djeca igraju nogomet u parku. – The children are playing football in the park.
    • Djeca igraju predstavu u parku. – The children are performing a play in the park.

If you just mean children are playing (like kids do), igrati se with se is the normal choice.

Why does se come after Djeca? Could I say Djeca igraju se u parku?

Short answer: Djeca igraju se u parku is wrong in standard Croatian.

Se is a clitic (an unstressed little word) and Croatian clitics normally want to be in second position in the sentence or clause.

In Djeca se igraju u parku:

  • Djeca = first stressed word
  • se = second position (right after the first word)
  • igraju u parku = the rest

Other correct word orders:

  • Djeca se u parku igraju.
  • U parku se djeca igraju.

But you do not put se after the verb in standard written Croatian:

  • Djeca igraju se u parku. – incorrect in standard language (though you might hear it in some speech).
What tense is igraju here? Is it more like English present simple or present continuous?

Igraju is present tense. Croatian has only one present form, and context decides whether it corresponds to:

  • English present continuous:
    • Djeca se igraju u parku (sada). – The children are playing in the park (now).
  • or English present simple (habitual):
    • Djeca se igraju u parku svaki dan. – The children play in the park every day.

So the same Croatian form igraju can mean both “play” and “are playing” depending on context.

How do you pronounce Djeca se igraju u parku?

Approximate pronunciation, with English hints:

  • Djeca – roughly DYE-tsa
    • dj = one sound, similar to dy in “duke” or j in “jam” but softer and more palatal
    • c = ts in “cats”
  • seseh (short e, like “set”)
  • igrajuEE-gra-yu
    • i always like ee in “see”
    • j like y in “yes”
  • uoo like “food”
  • parkuPAHR-koo
    • r is rolled or tapped
    • both a and u are clean, short vowels

Stress is typically on the first syllable: DJЕ-ca se Í-gra-ju u PÁR-ku (approximate; actual stress patterns can vary regionally, but this will be understood).

Why is it u parku and not na parku? When do I use u vs na?

Both u and na can translate as in / at / on, but they’re used differently.

u is used for:

  • being inside or within something:
    • u parku – in the park
    • u kući – in the house
    • u školi – at/in school

na is used for:

  • surfaces or open areas, or fixed expressions:
    • na stolu – on the table
    • na ulici – on the street
    • na igralištu – on the playground
    • na poslu – at work

A park is thought of as a space you are in, so: u parku, not na parku.

Does Djeca se igraju u parku sound formal, neutral, or childish? How natural is it?

Djeca se igraju u parku is completely neutral and natural Croatian.

  • You can use it in spoken language, in writing, in a children’s book, in everyday conversation, etc.
  • It’s neither especially formal nor childish; it’s just the normal way to say that children are playing in the park.
Could I add a time phrase to this sentence? Where would it go?

Yes. Time expressions are flexible in position. All of these are correct:

  • Djeca se igraju u parku sada. – The children are playing in the park now.
  • Djeca se sada igraju u parku.
  • Sada se djeca igraju u parku.
  • Djeca se igraju u parku svaki dan. – The children play in the park every day.
  • Svaki dan se djeca igraju u parku.

Just remember that se still wants to stay in second position in the clause.