zhè shì wǒ de shēnfènzhèng.

The structure is very straightforward:

• 这 = this
• 是 = is / am / are (the to be verb in this kind of sentence)
• 我的身份证 = my ID card

So the pattern is:

这 + 是 + 我的身份证

This is one reason beginners often find this sentence easy: the word order is very similar to English.

No. In normal Chinese writing, this sentence would usually be written as:

这是我的身份证。

The spaces in your version are just a learning aid. They help show the words or syllables more clearly and line them up with pinyin. Native texts normally do not put spaces between characters like this.

这 means this.

In this sentence, it stands by itself as a pronoun, like English this in This is my ID card.

Compare:

• 这是什么？ = What is this?
• 这是我的身份证。 = This is my ID card.

If 这 directly modifies a noun, it often appears with a measure word, for example:

• 这张身份证 = this ID card

So in your sentence, 这 is not directly attached to 身份证. It is the subject of the whole sentence.

Not always, but in this sentence it works very much like English is.

是 is used to connect one noun or pronoun to another noun or pronoun:

• 这是老师。 = This is a teacher.
• 他是我朋友。 = He is my friend.

But Chinese does not use 是 in every place English uses to be. For example:

• 我很累。 = I am tired.
  Chinese says 我很累, not 我是很累.

So 是 is especially used for A is B sentences where B is a noun or identity.

的 is a very common grammar particle. Here it marks possession, like English 's or of.

So:

• 我 = I / me
• 我的 = my
• 我的身份证 = my ID card

You can think of 的 as linking the owner to the thing owned.

Other examples:

• 我的书 = my book
• 你的名字 = your name
• 他的老师 = his teacher

Normally, no. The natural form is:

这是我的身份证。

With pronouns like 我 / 你 / 他, 的 is usually needed before a noun:

• 我的书
• 你的手机
• 她的朋友

So 我身份证 sounds incomplete or ungrammatical in standard Mandarin.

Chinese does not have articles that work like English a/an/the.

Whether something is definite or indefinite is usually understood from context. In this sentence, 我的 already makes the noun specific, so no article is needed.

That is why Chinese can simply say:

这是我的身份证。

without adding anything equivalent to the.

Good question. Chinese often uses measure words after demonstratives like 这 when they directly modify a noun:

• 这张身份证 = this ID card

But your sentence is different:

这 是 我的身份证。

Here, 这 means this by itself. It is not directly modifying 身份证. So no measure word is needed.

Compare the two patterns:

• 这是我的身份证。 = This is my ID card.
• 这张身份证是我的。 = This ID card is mine.

In the second sentence, 这 directly modifies 身份证, so 张 is needed.

It is pronounced:

shēn fèn zhèng

with these tones:

• 身 = shēn (1st tone)
• 份 = fèn (4th tone)
• 证 = zhèng (4th tone)

A few pronunciation tips:

• sh is like an English sh, but with the tongue curled slightly back.
• fèn has a sharp falling 4th tone.
• zhèng begins with zh, which is not exactly like English j. It is a retroflex sound, made a bit farther back in the mouth.

The whole word means ID card or identity card.

It is a fixed word meaning identity card / ID card.

If you look at the parts:

• 身份 = identity / status
• 证 = certificate / proof / document

So the literal sense is something like identity document or proof of identity.

In modern Chinese, 身份证 is the standard everyday word for an official personal ID card.

You put 不 before 是:

这不是我的身份证。

That means This is not my ID card.

This is a very common pattern:

• 这是我的书。 = This is my book.
• 这不是我的书。 = This is not my book.

A simple way is to add 吗 at the end:

这是我的身份证吗？

That means Is this my ID card?

Another useful question is:

这是谁的身份证？
= Whose ID card is this?

So once you know this sentence pattern, it is easy to make both statements and questions.