tā jīntiān yě méi lái shàngkè.

她 means she / her, while 他 means he / him.

In spoken Mandarin, 她 and 他 are both pronounced tā, so you can only tell them apart in writing. This is very common for beginners to notice because English clearly distinguishes he and she in speech, but Mandarin usually does not.

In Mandarin, time words often go after the subject and before the verb:

她 今天 也 没 来 上课。
She today also did not come to class.

This is a very normal word order in Chinese. A common pattern is:

Subject + Time + Adverb + Verb

You can also sometimes put the time word at the very beginning for emphasis:

今天她也没来上课。

That is also natural.

也 means also or too.

It shows that this situation is true in addition to something else already known from context. For example, maybe someone else did not come to class, and now you are saying that she didn’t come either.

So 也 often depends on context. By itself, it suggests in addition to someone/something else.

This is one of the most common Mandarin grammar questions.

Use 没 (or 没有) to negate:

• past actions
• completed events
• situations that did not happen

Use 不 more often for:

• habits
• general statements
• intentions
• future actions

Here, 来上课 means come to class, and the sentence is talking about whether she came today. Since it refers to an event that did not happen, 没 is the natural choice:

她今天也没来上课。
= She didn’t come to class today either.

If you said 不来, that would more likely suggest won’t come or doesn’t come depending on context.

Yes. 没 is just the shortened form of 没有.

So this is also correct:

她今天也没有来上课。

The version with 没 is more common in everyday speech because it is shorter and more natural in many situations.

This is a very useful Chinese pattern.

来上课 literally means come attend class.
Here:

• 来 = to come
• 上课 = to attend class / have class

Together, 来上课 means come for class or come attend class.

Chinese often puts verbs together like this without needing extra words like to. In English, we might say:

• come to class
• come attend class

In Chinese, 来上课 sounds very natural.

Yes, 上课 is a very common verb phrase.

• 上 originally means go up / attend / begin
• 课 means lesson / class

Together, 上课 means:

• to attend class
• to have class
• to be in class

Its exact English translation depends on context. In this sentence, it means attend class.

Good question. Both 来 and 去 can appear in sentences about going somewhere, but they depend on perspective.

• 来 = come
• 去 = go

来上课 presents the movement as coming to class, often from the speaker’s or school’s point of view. This is very natural when talking about students coming to school or class.

If you said 去上课, that would mean go to class, which can also be correct in other contexts. The choice depends on viewpoint.

So:

• 来上课 = come to class
• 去上课 = go to class

Both are possible in Mandarin, but they are not always interchangeable.

Usually 也 goes before the verb phrase it modifies.

Here it appears before 没来上课:

她 今天 也 没 来 上课。

That placement is natural because 也 is modifying the whole action not come to class.

Putting it in other places usually sounds unnatural or changes the structure. For learners, a safe rule is:

Subject + Time + 也 + Negation/Verb

Because 没 already shows that the action did not happen.

In Mandarin, 没 and 了 usually do not go together to say an action did not happen. So you normally would not say:

她今天也没来了上课。 ❌

That is incorrect here.

If an event did not happen, 没(有) is enough:

• 没来 = did not come

A helpful way to break it down is:

• 她 = she
• 今天 = today
• 也 = also
• 没 = did not
• 来上课 = come to class

So the structure is:

Subject + Time + Also + Negation + Action

Chinese often builds the sentence in a very logical order:

1. who
2. when
3. extra adverb information
4. whether the action happened
5. the action itself

That is why the sentence feels different from English word order, even though it is very natural in Mandarin.

The pinyin is:

tā jīntiān yě méi lái shàngkè

A few pronunciation notes:

• 她 = tā (first tone)
• 今天 = jīntiān (both first tone)
• 也 = yě (third tone)
• 没 = méi (second tone)
• 来 = lái (second tone)
• 上课 = shàngkè (fourth tone + fourth tone)

In natural speech, it flows smoothly as one sentence, and 没来上课 is often said quite closely together.