Després de la festa, les meves filles recullen les galetes i els gots de la taula.

Yes. Després de is the normal way to say after before a noun phrase:

• després de la festa = after the party

If després appears without de, it usually means afterward / later:

• Primer sopem i després sortim. = First we have dinner and then we go out.

Catalan usually puts the definite article before a possessive and noun:

• el meu pare = my father
• la meva mare = my mother
• les meves filles = my daughters

So where English says my daughters, Catalan normally says the equivalent of the my daughters.

Because the possessive has to agree with the noun it describes.

Filles is:

• feminine
• plural

So the possessive must also be feminine plural:

• meu = masculine singular
• meva = feminine singular
• meus = masculine plural
• meves = feminine plural

That is why it is les meves filles.

Recullen is the 3rd person plural present indicative of recollir.

It matches les meves filles = my daughters / they.

So:

• elles recullen = they collect / they pick up / they clear away

In this sentence, because it happens after a party, the most natural sense is pick up or clear away.

Catalan naturally uses the definite article here because the items are specific and identifiable in the situation: the cookies and glasses that are on the table after the party.

So:

• les galetes = the cookies
• els gots = the glasses

This is very normal Catalan.

Because the article must agree with the noun’s gender and number:

• les = feminine plural
• els = masculine plural

So:

• la galeta → les galetes
• el got → els gots

Here de la taula means from the table, and in natural English you would often say off the table.

So the idea is that the daughters are picking up the cookies and glasses from / off the table.

Normally it is understood as applying to both:

• the cookies and the glasses from the table

So the meaning is that they pick up both the cookies and the glasses that are on the table.

If a speaker wanted to make it apply only to els gots, they would usually reword the sentence to make that clearer.

Yes. Recollir is a very useful verb with several related meanings, including:

• collect
• gather
• pick up
• clear away
• tidy up

The exact English translation depends on context. In this sentence, pick up or clear away is the best fit.

No, this is a very neutral and standard word order:

• Després de la festa = time expression
• les meves filles = subject
• recullen = verb
• les galetes i els gots de la taula = object

So this is a good model sentence for a learner.

Catalan can use a continuous structure, but it does not need to. The simple present recullen can often cover meanings that English expresses with either pick up or are picking up, depending on context.

So recullen here is perfectly normal and does not sound incomplete.