Aquest vestit blau és més car que el vermell.

Aquest means this and is a demonstrative adjective. It points to something near the speaker, just like this in English.

It has to agree with the noun in gender and number:

• aquest = this (masculine singular)
• aquesta = this (feminine singular)
• aquests = these (masculine plural)
• aquestes = these (feminine plural)

Since vestit is masculine singular, Catalan uses aquest.

In Catalan, adjectives often come after the noun, unlike English, where they usually come before it.

So:

• vestit blau = blue dress

This noun + adjective order is very common in Catalan:

• casa gran = big house
• cotxe nou = new car

Some adjectives can come before the noun in Catalan, but color adjectives like blau usually come after.

És is the third-person singular form of the verb ser (to be):

• és = is

The accent is important because it distinguishes és from es, which is a different word used as a pronoun.

So:

• és = is
• es = reflexive/object pronoun in many contexts

In this sentence, és simply means is.

Més ... que is the standard Catalan pattern for comparatives:

• més = more
• que = than

So:

• més car que = more expensive than

This works just like English more ... than:

• més alt que = taller than
• més ràpid que = faster than
• més interessant que = more interesting than

No. In Catalan, car means expensive.

So this is a classic false friend for English speakers. It does not mean the noun car.

Examples:

• És car. = It is expensive.
• Molt car. = Very expensive.

The noun car in English corresponds to cotxe in Catalan.

Because Catalan, like English, often avoids repeating a noun when it is already understood.

So el vermell literally means the red one.
The noun vestit is omitted because it is obvious from context.

This is very natural in Catalan:

• el blau = the blue one
• la blava = the blue one (feminine)
• els vermells = the red ones

So que el vermell means than the red one.

The article el is needed here because the adjective is being used like a noun: the red one.

Without the article, vermell would usually just be understood as the adjective red, not the red one.

Compare:

• vestit vermell = red dress
• el vermell = the red one

The article helps turn the adjective into a noun-like expression.

Yes. Catalan adjectives usually agree with the noun they describe in gender and number.

Here, vestit is masculine singular, so the adjectives are also masculine singular:

• blau
• car
• vermell

If the noun were feminine, the forms would often change:

• blava
• cara
• vermella

For example:

• Aquesta faldilla blava és més cara que la vermella.

And in the plural:

• Aquests vestits blaus són més cars que els vermells.

Not in this sentence, if the meaning is that one is more expensive than the other.

• més ... que = more ... than
• tan ... com = as ... as

So:

• Aquest vestit blau és més car que el vermell. = The blue dress is more expensive than the red one.
• Aquest vestit blau és tan car com el vermell. = The blue dress is as expensive as the red one.

They express different comparisons.

Yes, in ordinary comparisons like this one, que is the normal word for than.

Examples:

• més gran que = bigger than
• menys útil que = less useful than
• millor que = better than

So més car que el vermell is the correct structure.

Then the demonstrative, adjectives, and article would all need to agree with the feminine noun.

For example, with faldilla (skirt):

• Aquesta faldilla blava és més cara que la vermella.

Changes:

• aquest → aquesta
• blau → blava
• car → cara
• el vermell → la vermella

This is a very important pattern in Catalan: words connected to the noun often change to match it.

A rough pronunciation guide for an English speaker is:

• Aquest ≈ uh-KEST
• vestit ≈ buhs-TEET or ves-TEET depending on accent
• blau ≈ blow (but not exactly English blow)
• és ≈ ess
• més ≈ mess
• car ≈ kar
• que ≈ kuh or a short keh, depending on accent and context
• el ≈ uhl
• vermell ≈ ber-MEY or ber-MEL, depending on dialect

A broad Central Catalan-style flow would sound something like:

uh-KEST buhs-TEET BLAU ess mess KAR kuh uhl ber-MEY

Exact pronunciation varies by dialect, but the grammar stays the same.