Jo voldria el got més ple i la sopa menys salada.

Yes, Catalan often drops subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows the person. So Voldria el got més ple... is also correct.

Here, jo is included for emphasis, clarity, or politeness of tone. It can sound a bit more personal, like As for me, I’d like... It is not required, but it is perfectly natural.

Voldria is the conditional form of voler and is a common polite way to make a request, like I would like in English.

• Vull = I want
• Voldria = I would like

In a restaurant or similar situation, voldria sounds softer and more courteous than vull.

In Catalan, definite articles are used more often than in English. In a context like ordering food or commenting on what has been served, el got and la sopa sound natural because they refer to specific things: the glass and the soup in front of you.

So Catalan often says:

• el got
• la sopa

where English might simply say the glass / the soup, or sometimes phrase the idea differently.

Més means more and menys means less. They go before the adjective they modify.

So:

• més ple = more full / fuller
• menys salada = less salty

This is the normal Catalan way to make comparisons with adjectives:

• més alt = taller
• menys car = less expensive

Catalan usually forms these comparisons analytically with més and menys, rather than with endings like English -er.

Because adjectives in Catalan usually agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.

• got is masculine singular, so the adjective is ple
• sopa is feminine singular, so the adjective is salada

Compare:

• el got ple
• la tassa plena
• la sopa salada
• els gots plens

Agreement is very important in Catalan.

Because in Catalan, descriptive adjectives normally come after the noun.

So:

• el got ple
• la sopa salada

And when you add més or menys, the whole adjective phrase still stays after the noun:

• el got més ple
• la sopa menys salada

This is more natural in Catalan than putting the adjective before the noun.

Yes, it is natural in Catalan. Ple means full, and més ple is a normal way to say fuller or more full.

Catalan does not avoid this structure the way English sometimes does. So el got més ple is a normal and understandable way to ask for the glass to be filled more.

Because one instance of voldria can govern both parts of the sentence.

So:

• Jo voldria el got més ple i la sopa menys salada

means:

• I would like the glass fuller and the soup less salty

Repeating the verb is possible for extra emphasis, but it is not necessary:

• Jo voldria el got més ple i voldria la sopa menys salada

The version without repetition sounds smoother and more natural here.

Grammatically, ple agrees with got, so it describes the glass. But semantically, the idea is that the glass should contain more of whatever is being served.

This is normal in Catalan, just as English can say a full glass even though what is really full is the glass’s contents. So el got més ple means the glass should be filled more.

Yes. The order can be changed if the context allows it:

• Jo voldria la sopa menys salada i el got més ple.

That would still be correct. The original order may simply reflect what the speaker wants to mention first. In Catalan, changing the order often changes emphasis more than meaning.

Yes:

• Voldria el got més ple i la sopa menys salada.

This is fully grammatical and probably even more common in everyday Catalan. Adding jo just gives a bit more explicitness or emphasis.