La meva filla no pot dormir perquè el telèfon és al costat del llit.

In Catalan, possessives usually go with the definite article:

• el meu pare
• la meva filla
• els nostres amics

So la meva filla is the normal way to say my daughter.

This is different from English, where you normally just say my daughter without the. Catalan usually keeps the article.

Pot is the 3rd person singular form of the verb poder, which means can / to be able to.

So:

• jo puc = I can
• tu pots = you can
• ell / ella pot = he / she can

In La meva filla no pot dormir, pot agrees with la meva filla, which is singular.

In Catalan, the usual way to make a sentence negative is to put no before the conjugated verb.

So:

• pot dormir = can sleep
• no pot dormir = cannot sleep

That is the normal Catalan word order for negation.

Because after poder in Catalan, the next verb normally stays in the infinitive.

So:

• pot dormir = can sleep
• puc menjar = I can eat
• poden venir = they can come

This works much like English can + base verb.

So pot dormir is the correct structure, not something like pot dorm.

Perquè means because.

So in this sentence, it introduces the reason:

• ... perquè el telèfon és al costat del llit = ... because the phone is next to the bed

This is different from per què, which usually means why or for what:

• Per què no dorm? = Why isn’t she sleeping?

A useful shortcut:

• perquè = because
• per què = why / for what

In this sentence, és is a normal and standard way to state where something is:

• el telèfon és al costat del llit

Catalan often uses ser for simple location statements like this, especially when you are just identifying where something is.

You may also hear està in some contexts, and in everyday speech both can appear depending on region and nuance. But és al costat del llit is absolutely normal Catalan.

So for a learner, the safest takeaway is:

• és al costat de... = a standard way to say is next to...

Al costat de means next to or more literally at the side of.

It is a fixed expression:

• al costat de la porta = next to the door
• al costat del llit = next to the bed

So you should learn al costat de as a chunk meaning beside / next to.

These are contractions:

• a + el = al
• de + el = del

So:

• al costat comes from a el costat
• del llit comes from de el llit

Catalan normally uses these contractions, just as Spanish does.

The ll sound in Catalan is traditionally a palatal sound, roughly similar to the lli sound in English million.

So:

• filla sounds roughly like FEE-lya
• llit sounds roughly like lyit or lyeet, depending on accent

This is only an approximation for English speakers, but it is a good start.

Also note that in some modern accents, the traditional ll sound is pronounced more like a y sound.

In Catalan, accent marks help show stress and sometimes the quality of the vowel.

Here:

• telèfon tells you the stress is on tè
• perquè tells you the stress is on the last syllable
• és distinguishes this form from es and also marks the stressed vowel

So the accents are important for both pronunciation and spelling.

Sometimes yes, if the subject is already clear from context.

Catalan often allows subject omission because the verb form already gives information about the person and number. However, in this sentence, la meva filla is included to make it clear who we are talking about.

So:

• La meva filla no pot dormir... = explicit and clear
• No pot dormir... = possible if everyone already knows you mean my daughter

Because Catalan commonly puts the main statement first and the reason after perquè:

• La meva filla no pot dormir perquè...

This is very natural and common.

You can sometimes change the order for style or emphasis, but the version in your sentence is the most straightforward everyday pattern:

• statement + perquè + reason

Yes. Telèfon is a masculine noun, so it takes el in the singular:

• el telèfon
• els telèfons

In Catalan, noun gender is something you usually have to learn together with the noun. So it is best to memorize it as el telèfon, not just telèfon by itself.