بعد الاجتماع أقرأ البريد الإلكتروني في المكتب، ثم أعود إلى البيت.

بعد الاجتماع means after the meeting.

• بعد = after
• الاجتماع = the meeting

Arabic often begins a sentence with a time expression like this to set the scene first. So the structure is very natural:

• بعد الاجتماع = after the meeting
• أقرأ البريد الإلكتروني = I read the email
• في المكتب = in the office
• ثم أعود إلى البيت = then I return home

So the sentence order is not unusual; Arabic often places time expressions before the main action.

Because the meaning is the meeting, not just a meeting.

• اجتماع = a meeting / meeting
• الاجتماع = the meeting

In this sentence, the speaker is referring to a specific meeting, so the definite article الـ is used.

Also, after بعد, Arabic can use either a definite or indefinite noun depending on meaning:

• بعد اجتماع = after a meeting
• بعد الاجتماع = after the meeting

Because the verb itself already shows the subject.

• أقرأ = I read
• أعود = I return

In Arabic, subject pronouns are often built into the verb form, so أنا is usually omitted unless you want emphasis or contrast.

So:

• أقرأ البريد الإلكتروني = I read the email
• أنا أقرأ البريد الإلكتروني = I read the email / I am reading the email

The second version is possible, but usually unnecessary here.

In Arabic, the present tense can express both:

• an action happening now
• a habitual or repeated action

So أقرأ can mean:

• I read
• I am reading
• I do read

And أعود can mean:

• I return
• I am returning
• I go back

In this sentence, the present tense most naturally suggests a routine or sequence of usual actions: After the meeting, I read email in the office, then I go back home.

ثم means then and clearly shows sequence, usually with a sense of after that.

• و = and
• ثم = then / and then

So:

• أقرأ البريد الإلكتروني في المكتب، ثم أعود إلى البيت
  = I read the email in the office, then I return home.

If you used و instead, the meaning would still be understandable, but ثم makes the order more explicit.

No, this is not an iḍāfa. It is a noun plus an adjective.

• البريد = the mail / post
• الإلكتروني = electronic

Together:

• البريد الإلكتروني = electronic mail / email

Because الإلكتروني is an adjective, it must match البريد in definiteness, gender, and number. Since البريد is definite, the adjective is also definite:

• بريد إلكتروني = electronic mail / an email message
• البريد الإلكتروني = the electronic mail / email

So this is adjective agreement, not possession.

Because the two prepositions express different ideas:

• في = in
• إلى = to

So:

• في المكتب = in the office
  This shows location.
• إلى البيت = to the house / home
  This shows movement toward a destination.

Arabic uses prepositions very carefully, just like English does here.

Because Arabic often uses البيت in the same broad way English uses home.

• بيت literally means house
• البيت can mean the house or home, depending on context

In a sentence like أعود إلى البيت, the natural English translation is usually I return home, not I return to the house, unless you want to sound especially literal.

Yes, in many contexts you can.

• أعود = I return
• أرجع = I return / I go back

Both are common and natural. أعود can sound a bit more formal or standard in some contexts, which fits Modern Standard Arabic well. أرجع is also widely understood and frequently used.

So these are both possible:

• ثم أعود إلى البيت
• ثم أرجع إلى البيت

The most natural order here is:

• verb
• object
• other information such as place or time

So:

• أقرأ البريد الإلكتروني في المكتب
  = I read the email in the office

Arabic word order is flexible, and أقرأ في المكتب البريد الإلكتروني is not impossible, but it is less neutral here. The given order sounds smoother and more standard for a basic statement.

أقرأ comes from the root connected with reading: ق ر أ.

It is pronounced roughly aqra'u in full formal pronunciation.

The hamza is part of the root itself, so it belongs to the word. That is why you see it in forms like:

• قرأ = he read
• أقرأ = I read
• يقرأ = he reads
• قراءة = reading

The final written form often appears without case endings in everyday text, so learners usually just see أقرأ.

Yes, in fully vocalized formal Arabic, there would be case endings, but they are usually not written in normal text.

A fully vocalized version could look like this:

• بعدَ الاجتماعِ أقرأُ البريدَ الإلكترونيَّ في المكتبِ، ثمَّ أعودُ إلى البيتِ.

Very roughly:

• بعدَ: accusative because it is an adverb-like ظرف
• الاجتماعِ: genitive after بعد
• أقرأُ: indicative present
• البريدَ: direct object, so accusative
• الإلكترونيَّ: adjective matching البريدَ
• في المكتبِ: genitive after في
• أعودُ: indicative present
• إلى البيتِ: genitive after إلى

Beginners usually learn to read and understand the sentence without depending on these final vowels, since most ordinary Arabic writing leaves them out.

Usually, البريد الإلكتروني means email as a general category or system, like electronic mail.

So in this sentence, it most likely means something like:

• I read my email
• I check email

If you want to make it clearly one specific email message, Arabic often uses words like:

• رسالة بريد إلكتروني = an email message
• الرسالة الإلكترونية = the electronic message / the email message

So the phrase in your sentence is slightly broader and very natural for email in general.