صديقي يتعلم العربية في الجامعة، وأنا أتعلمها في البيت.

In Arabic, my is often expressed by attaching a pronoun suffix directly to the noun.

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

The ـي at the end is the my suffix.

Also notice that the base word is صديق and then ـي is added:

• صديق + ي = صديقي

This is much more common in Arabic than using a separate word for my.

These are two different present-tense verb forms.

The verb is تعلّم / يتعلّم = to learn.

In the present tense, Arabic changes the beginning of the verb depending on the subject:

• أنا أتعلم = I learn / I am learning
• هو يتعلم = he learns / he is learning

So:

• صديقي يتعلم العربية = My friend learns Arabic
• وأنا أتعلمها = And I learn it

The subject changes, so the verb form changes too.

Because Arabic verbs usually already include the subject information.

• يتعلم by itself already means he learns
• أتعلم already means I learn

So Arabic often does not need separate subject pronouns unless they are being emphasized or contrasted.

In this sentence:

• صديقي يتعلم = my friend learns
• وأنا أتعلمها includes أنا because the speaker is being explicitly contrasted with my friend:
  My friend learns Arabic at the university, and I learn it at home.

So أنا is useful here for emphasis and contrast.

The و means and.

So:

• وأنا = and I

In Arabic, و is attached directly to the next word, so it is written as one unit:

• و + أنا = وأنا

This is very common:

• والبيت = and the house
• والجامعة = and the university
• وأنا = and I

Here العربية means Arabic, the language.

Arabic names of languages often appear with الـ:

• العربية = Arabic
• الإنجليزية = English
• الفرنسية = French

Grammatically, العربية is treated as a feminine noun. That matters later in the sentence, because the pronoun referring back to it is also feminine:

• أتعلمها = I learn it
• The ها refers to العربية

So yes, it means the language Arabic, and grammatically it is feminine.

The ها is an attached object pronoun meaning it or her, depending on what it refers to.

Here it refers to العربية, which is grammatically feminine.

So:

• أتعلم = I learn
• أتعلمها = I learn it

This is very common in Arabic. Instead of saying a separate word for it, Arabic usually attaches the object pronoun to the verb.

Compare:

• أدرس العربية = I study Arabic
• أدرسها = I study it

Because Arabic nouns have grammatical gender, and pronouns must match that gender.

Since العربية is feminine, Arabic uses the feminine object pronoun:

• ها = it / her

If the noun were masculine, Arabic would normally use:

• ـه = it / him

So the choice of ها is grammatical, not because the language is literally female in meaning. English does not usually show this difference with it, but Arabic does.

Arabic often uses the definite article الـ in places where English may or may not use the.

Here:

• في الجامعة = at/in the university
• في البيت = at home / in the house

A few notes:

• الجامعة literally means the university
• البيت literally means the house

But in natural translation:

• في البيت is often simply at home
• في الجامعة may be at the university or in university, depending on context

So the Arabic is definite, even when English might sound more natural without the.

Because في is a broad preposition that usually means in, inside, or at, depending on context.

Examples:

• في البيت = in the house / at home
• في الجامعة = in the university / at the university
• في القاهرة = in Cairo

English chooses between in and at more specifically, but Arabic often uses في for both kinds of location.

Yes. Arabic normally prefers to state the verb clearly rather than omit it in a sentence like this.

So Arabic says:

• صديقي يتعلم العربية في الجامعة، وأنا أتعلمها في البيت

This is the most natural full structure:

• first clause: subject + verb + object + place
• second clause: and I + verb + object pronoun + place

In English, dropping the repeated verb can sometimes sound fine. In Arabic, repeating it is much more natural and clear.

Using ها avoids unnecessary repetition.

Instead of saying:

• وأنا أتعلم العربية في البيت

the sentence says:

• وأنا أتعلمها في البيت

Both are grammatical, but the version with ها sounds smoother because the listener already knows that the thing being learned is العربية.

This works just like English:

• My friend is learning Arabic, and I am learning it at home.

The sentence mainly follows a subject + verb + object + prepositional phrase pattern.

First clause:

• صديقي = subject
• يتعلم = verb
• العربية = object
• في الجامعة = place

Second clause:

• وأنا = and + subject
• أتعلمها = verb + object pronoun
• في البيت = place

So the structure is very straightforward for a learner:

• My friend
  • learns
    • Arabic
      • at the university
• and I
  • learn it
    • at home

They can mean both, depending on context.

• يتعلم can mean he learns or he is learning
• أتعلم can mean I learn or I am learning

Modern Standard Arabic does not have a completely separate present continuous form like English am learning. The same present-tense form often covers both meanings.

So this sentence could be understood as:

• My friend learns Arabic at the university, and I learn it at home or
• My friend is learning Arabic at the university, and I am learning it at home

Context tells you which is more natural.

Because in normal everyday written Arabic, short vowels and most case endings are usually not written.

So you see:

• صديقي يتعلم العربية في الجامعة، وأنا أتعلمها في البيت

In a fully vowelled formal version, there could be extra pronunciation details, but ordinary Arabic writing usually leaves them out.

That means learners must get used to reading words without all short vowels shown. This is normal and expected in Modern Standard Arabic texts.