أختار الكرسي الذي خلف الأستاذة لأنني أسمعها جيدا من هناك.

Because the verb already includes the subject.

• أختار means I choose / I am choosing
• The أ- at the beginning marks first person singular in the present/imperfect tense

So Arabic does not need أنا here. You could say أنا أختار..., but that would usually add emphasis, like I’m the one choosing...

It can mean either one.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect tense often covers:

• simple present: I choose
• present progressive: I am choosing
• sometimes even near future, depending on context

So here أختار could naturally be understood as either I choose or I’m choosing.

Because verb-first word order is very common in Arabic.

So:

• أختار الكرسي... = I choose the chair...

This is a normal and natural structure. Arabic can also use:

• أنا أختار الكرسي...

but the version with the verb first is often more neutral and common in standard written Arabic.

Because the sentence means the chair, not a chair.

Also, the noun is being specified by a relative clause:

• الكرسي الذي خلف الأستاذة = the chair that is behind the الأستاذة

In Arabic, الذي is normally used after a definite noun. So:

• الكرسي الذي... = correct
• كرسي الذي... = not correct

If the noun were indefinite, Arabic would usually express it differently.

Because الذي agrees with الكرسي, not with الأستاذة.

Here the noun being described is:

• الكرسي = the chair

And كرسي is masculine singular, so the correct relative pronoun is:

• الذي = masculine singular who/which/that

Even though الأستاذة is feminine, it is not the noun that الذي refers back to.

Arabic usually leaves out the present-tense verb to be.

So literally, this part is something like:

• the chair which behind the female professor

But in natural English, that becomes:

• the chair that is behind the female professor

This is very normal in Arabic. In present-time descriptions, is/am/are is often omitted.

خلف means behind.

In Arabic grammar, it is often treated as a noun of place / ظرف مكان rather than a simple preposition in the English sense, but for learners it is fine to think of it as meaning behind.

So:

• خلف الأستاذة = behind the female professor

Grammatically, the noun after خلف is in the genitive relationship.

If fully vowelled, this part would be:

• خلفَ الأستاذةِ

الأستاذة is the feminine form of الأستاذ.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• the female teacher
• the female professor
• the female instructor

So the sentence is specifically referring to a female teacher/professor.

لأنني means because I.

It is made from:

• لأنّ = because
• ني = me / I in this structure

So:

• لأنني أسمعها جيدا = because I hear her well

You may also see the spelling لأني in modern writing. Both are common.

The ending -ها is an attached object pronoun meaning:

• her
• or it for a feminine noun

Here it refers to الأستاذة, so:

• أسمع = I hear
• أسمعها = I hear her

It does not refer to الكرسي, because كرسي is masculine, not feminine.

Here it functions like an adverb, meaning well.

So:

• أسمعها جيدا = I hear her well

It comes from جيّد = good, but in this sentence it is being used adverbially.

In fully vowelled writing, you would normally see:

• جيدًا

In everyday Arabic script, the short vowels are often omitted, so you often just see جيدا.

Because من هناك means from there, not simply there.

• هناك = there
• من هناك = from there

So the idea is:

• I hear her well from that place / from there

This emphasizes the speaker’s position as the place from which the hearing happens.

A fully vowelled version could be:

أَخْتارُ الكُرْسِيَّ الَّذِي خَلْفَ الأُسْتاذَةِ لِأَنَّنِي أَسْمَعُها جَيِّدًا مِنْ هُناكَ.

A few useful things to notice:

• أَخْتارُ: final ـُ because it is a present-tense verb
• الكُرْسِيَّ: final ـَ because it is the direct object
• خَلْفَ: accusative as an adverb of place
• الأُسْتاذَةِ: genitive after خلف
• جَيِّدًا: accusative form used adverbially

In normal Arabic writing, these endings are usually not written, so learners have to infer them from grammar.

Because Arabic uses a relative clause here just like English does:

• الكرسي الذي خلف الأستاذة = the chair that is behind the female professor

Once الكرسي has been introduced, الذي connects it to the description that follows. Arabic does not need to repeat الكرسي again.

So the structure is:

• noun + relative pronoun + description

This is one of the most common ways to add extra information to a noun in Arabic.