عند الجسر الكبير توجد ساحة، وعلى يسار الساحة مقهى صغير.

It can be different.

A very normal alternative is:

توجد ساحة عند الجسر الكبير

Both sentences are correct. The difference is mainly focus:

• عند الجسر الكبير توجد ساحة puts the location first: At the big bridge, there is a square.
• توجد ساحة عند الجسر الكبير starts with the existence of the square: There is a square at the big bridge.

Arabic often moves location phrases to the front when setting the scene.

Here توجد means there is / there exists / is found.

It comes from the verb وجد in the passive/existential sense to be found, to exist. In Modern Standard Arabic, يوجد and توجد are very common for expressing there is / there are.

So:

• توجد ساحة = there is a square

In English, there is just part of the structure there is. In Arabic, the idea is expressed by the verb itself.

Because the subject is ساحة, and ساحة is feminine singular.

In Arabic, the verb agrees with the subject in gender. So:

• توجد ساحة = there is a square
• يوجد مقهى = there is a café

Since ساحة is feminine, the verb is feminine: توجد.

Not exactly.

عند usually means something like:

• at
• by
• near
• in the area of

So عند الجسر الكبير means at/by the big bridge.

This is different from في, which usually means in / inside.

For example:

• في البيت = in the house
• عند البيت = at/by the house

With a bridge, عند is natural because the idea is being near the bridge, not inside it.

Because Arabic adjectives must match the noun they describe in definiteness.

Here:

• الجسر = the bridge
• الكبير = the big

So الجسر الكبير means the big bridge.

If the noun is definite, the adjective must also be definite:

• جسر كبير = a big bridge
• الجسر الكبير = the big bridge

This matching is very important in Arabic.

Because in Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun.

So:

• الجسر الكبير = literally the bridge the-big
• مقهى صغير = literally café small

This is just the normal Arabic pattern.

Also, the adjective agrees with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• usually case

So:

• الجسر الكبير: both definite
• مقهى صغير: both indefinite

Because this sentence is introducing something as existing in a place.

In Arabic, existential sentences often use an indefinite noun:

• توجد ساحة = there is a square
• يوجد مقهى = there is a café

If you said توجد الساحة, that would usually sound like the square exists / the square is located, referring to a specific square already known to the listener.

So the indefinite form fits the idea of introducing a place into the description.

Because Arabic often omits يوجد / توجد when the meaning is still clear.

So:

• وعلى يسار الساحة مقهى صغير
• وعلى يسار الساحة يوجد مقهى صغير

Both can mean the same thing.

The version without the verb is very natural. Literally, it is something like:

• And on the left of the square, a small café

In grammatical terms, this is a common Arabic pattern where the location phrase comes first, and the noun comes after it.

Literally, it breaks down like this:

• على = on
• يسار = left / left side
• الساحة = the square

So على يسار الساحة literally means:

• on the left side of the square

In natural English, that becomes:

• to the left of the square
• on the left of the square

This is a very common Arabic location expression. Similar patterns are:

• على يمين البيت = to the right of the house
• أمام المدرسة = in front of the school
• خلف المسجد = behind the mosque

Arabic often repeats the noun for clarity, especially in descriptive or textbook-style sentences.

So:

• وعلى يسار الساحة مقهى صغير = and to the left of the square there is a small café

You could also say:

• وعلى يسارها مقهى صغير = and to its left there is a small café

That is also correct, as long as it is clear that ها refers to الساحة.

Repeating the noun is not strange in Arabic; in many contexts it sounds clearer and more straightforward.

It is pronounced maqhā when paused.

The final ى is called alif maqṣūra. It represents a final long ā sound, even though it looks like ي without dots.

So:

• مقهى is pronounced roughly maq-hā
• it means café

This spelling pattern appears in many Arabic words, such as:

• فتى
• مستشفى
• مصطفى

So the final shape may look unusual at first, but it is a normal spelling pattern.

A learner does not need to say all the case endings out loud in everyday reading, but the grammatical relationships are useful to know:

• عندَ is a location expression functioning like a ẓarf.
• الجسرِ is genitive after عند in this construction.
• الكبيرِ matches الجسر and is also genitive.
• توجدُ is the verb.
• ساحةٌ is the subject, so it is nominative.
• على يسارِ الساحةِ contains:
  • على as a preposition
  • يسارِ after the preposition
  • الساحةِ as the second part of an iḍāfa structure
• مقهى is the delayed subject in the second clause, so it is nominative in function
• صغيرٌ matches مقهى

So even if you do not pronounce all the endings in normal pause, the structure is still built on those case relationships.