يقدم صديقي هدية.

Because verb–subject–object (VSO) order is very common in Modern Standard Arabic.

So:

• يقدم = (he) gives / presents
• صديقي = my friend
• هدية = a gift

This makes the sentence literally structured as:

• gives my friend a gift

But in natural English, we say:

• My friend gives a gift

Arabic can also use subject–verb–object (SVO) order:

• صديقي يقدم هدية

That version is also correct. The difference is mostly about style, emphasis, and sentence flow.

Because the verb itself already shows the subject.

يقدم is a 3rd person masculine singular verb, so it already means:

• he gives
• he presents
• he offers

Arabic often does not need an extra subject pronoun like هو (he) unless you want emphasis or contrast.

So:

• يقدم صديقي هدية = My friend gives a gift
• هو يقدم هدية = He is giving a gift / He gives a gift

In your sentence, صديقي names who he is.

صديقي means my friend.

It is made of:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So the ـي at the end is a possessive suffix meaning my.

This is very common in Arabic:

• كتابي = my book
• بيتي = my house
• صديقي = my friend

Because of that suffix, صديقي is already definite: it is not just a friend, but my friend.

In Arabic, the subject often comes after the verb in a verbal sentence.

Here:

• يقدم = the verb
• صديقي = the subject (my friend)
• هدية = the object (a gift)

So even though صديقي is after the verb, it is still the one doing the action.

This is normal in Arabic verbal sentences.

Arabic has no indefinite article like English a/an.

So:

• هدية can mean a gift
• There is no separate word corresponding to a

Arabic shows indefiniteness in other ways, especially with tanwīn in fully vowelled text:

• هديةً

But in ordinary writing, short vowels and tanwīn are usually not written, so you often just see:

• هدية

هدية is the direct object.

It is the thing being given or presented.

So:

• يقدم = gives / presents
• صديقي = my friend
• هدية = a gift

A fuller grammatical breakdown would be:

• verb: يقدم
• subject: صديقي
• object: هدية

A fully vowelled version would typically be:

• يُقَدِّمُ صَدِيقِي هَدِيَّةً

Here is why:

• يُقَدِّمُ → verb in the indicative mood
• صَدِيقِي → subject, so it is in the nominative
• هَدِيَّةً → direct object, so it is in the accusative

A learner should know, though, that these short vowels are usually omitted in normal Arabic writing.

Because صديقي ends with the possessive suffix ـي (my), and that affects how the word appears.

Also, in normal unvowelled Arabic writing, case endings usually are not shown.

So even though صديقي is grammatically the subject, you usually will not see a clear written ending that tells you that unless the text is fully vowelled.

In a fully vowelled form, the sentence structure and grammar make the role clear.

In this sentence, it is pronounced:

• yuqaddimu

This comes from the verb قدّم in the past tense, meaning to present / offer / give.

A few helpful points:

• the first sound is yu-
• the middle consonant is doubled: -dd-
• the full pronunciation is roughly yu-qad-di-mu

So the fully vowelled form is:

• يُقَدِّمُ

Not necessarily. Depending on context, يقدم can mean:

• gives
• presents
• offers

In many contexts, يقدم هدية is especially natural as:

• gives a gift
• presents a gift

So English translations may vary a little depending on context.

Yes, هدية is a feminine noun.

You can often tell because it ends in ـة (taa marbuuTa).

In this sentence, that does not change the verb, because the verb agrees with the subject, and the subject is صديقي (my friend), not هدية.

But the feminine gender of هدية would matter in other situations, such as:

• adjective agreement
• pronoun reference

For example:

• هدية جميلة = a beautiful gift

Here جميلة is feminine because هدية is feminine.

Yes, absolutely.

That is the subject–verb–object order:

• صديقي يقدم هدية

It means the same thing: My friend gives a gift.

Compared with:

• يقدم صديقي هدية

the difference is mainly one of style, emphasis, or what sounds best in context. Both are correct in Modern Standard Arabic.

The root is ق د م.

In this sentence, the verb is from Form II:

• past: قدّم
• present: يقدّم

This form often gives a causative or intensive sense. In practice, here it means something like:

• to present
• to offer
• to give

Knowing the root can help you connect it to related words, though beginners do not need to master all root patterns immediately.