عادة يقرأ صديقي جدول السقي ويتحقق من الرطوبة.

عادة means usually / habitually here. It acts like an adverb telling you that the action happens regularly.

So the sentence is not describing a one-time event, but a routine.

A learner should also know that عادة can sometimes function as a noun meaning habit, but in this sentence it is being used adverbially: usually.

In MSA, the present tense often covers both:

• present actions
• habitual / repeated actions

Because the sentence begins with عادة (usually), يقرأ is understood as a habitual action: he usually reads.

So Arabic does not need a special separate form for usually reads. The combination of:

• عادة
• the present tense يقرأ

already gives that meaning.

Because the verb يقرأ already includes the subject he.

In Arabic, verbs often carry the subject inside their form.
يقرأ means he reads.

Then the sentence also gives the explicit subject noun صديقي (my friend), so the structure is:

• يقرأ = he reads
• صديقي = clarifies who that he is

This is completely normal in Arabic. You do not need to add a separate pronoun like هو unless you want special emphasis.

Arabic commonly allows both verb-first and subject-first word order.

Here, يقرأ صديقي is a normal verb–subject structure:

• يقرأ = reads
• صديقي = my friend

If you said صديقي يقرأ..., that would also be correct, but it can sound slightly more focused on my friend as the topic.

So:

• يقرأ صديقي... = neutral, very common verbal sentence
• صديقي يقرأ... = also correct, often a bit more topic-focused

صديقي means my friend.

It is made from:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So this is a noun with a attached possessive suffix.

A few important results:

1. It becomes definite because it is possessed: my friend
2. It does not take الـ
3. It does not take tanwīn

So:

• صديق = a friend
• الصديق = the friend
• صديقي = my friend

This is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive/possessive phrase.

It consists of:

• جدول = schedule / table
• السقي = the watering / irrigation

Together: جدول السقي = the watering schedule or irrigation schedule

In an iḍāfa:

1. the first noun usually does not take الـ
2. the second noun often determines the definiteness of the whole phrase

Since السقي is definite, جدول السقي is understood as a definite phrase: the watering schedule.

السقي is a verbal noun (maṣdar), not a finite verb.

It comes from the idea of watering / irrigation as an action turned into a noun.

So:

• a verb would mean something like he waters
• السقي means watering / irrigation as a concept or activity

That is why جدول السقي literally means something like schedule of watering.

The verb تحقق من means to check / verify / make sure of something.

So من is part of the normal pattern of this verb in this meaning.

Examples:

• يتحقق من الرطوبة = he checks the moisture
• أتحقق من الإجابة = I check the answer
• تحقق من المعلومات = check the information

So you should learn this as a chunk:

• تحقق من ... = check / verify ...

In Arabic, a noun can be definite even when English might use a more general expression.

Here الرطوبة means the moisture, but in context it may naturally correspond to English moisture in a general or practical sense.

Arabic often uses الـ with nouns when referring to something understood in context, such as:

• the moisture in the soil
• the relevant moisture level

So الرطوبة is definite because it refers to a specific, contextually understood thing.

The و simply means and.

It connects the two actions:

• يقرأ جدول السقي = he reads the watering schedule
• يتحقق من الرطوبة = and he checks the moisture

Because both verbs are in the same tense and have the same subject, this is a very natural way to join them.

Yes. يقرأ contains a hamza: أ.

It is pronounced roughly yaqraʾu in full vocalization.

A learner should notice:

• the root is related to reading
• the final hamza is real and should be pronounced
• in normal unvowelled text, you still write the hamza: يقرأ

So this is not pronounced like a smooth yaqra only; there is a glottal stop at the end: yaqraʾ.

In fully vocalized formal Arabic, yes. The sentence would have case/mood endings such as:

• عادةً
• يقرأُ
• صديقي
• جدولَ السقيِ
• ويتحققُ من الرطوبةِ

But in normal everyday writing, those short endings are usually omitted.

A learner should still know the grammar underneath:

• جدولَ is the direct object of يقرأ
• الرطوبةِ comes after the preposition من
• صديقي is the subject

So even if the endings are not written, the grammatical relationships are still there.

Yes. Arabic has some flexibility.

You could see variations like:

• عادةً يقرأ صديقي...
• صديقي عادةً يقرأ...
• يقرأ صديقي عادةً...

But the sentence as given is very natural. Placing عادة at the beginning clearly sets the habitual frame right away: usually...

So the original version is a good, standard choice.