بما أن الحضور مهم، يقرأ المتدرب جدول الدورة.

بما أن is a fixed expression meaning since, because, or given that. It introduces a reason or background explanation.

So in this sentence, بما أن الحضور مهم sets up the reason for what comes next.

A useful point: even though ما often means what, in بما أن the whole expression functions together as one connector. It is best learned as a chunk.

الحضور is a noun meaning attendance or presence.

In this sentence, it refers to attendance in the sense of being present at the course or training. Because it has الـ, it often has a general meaning here: attendance (as a concept / the attendance requirement).

So الحضور مهم means attendance is important.

Because مهم is the predicate adjective, not an attributive adjective.

In Arabic, when you say something like:

• الجو جميل
• الكتاب مفيد
• الحضور مهم

the first word is the subject, and the adjective is the predicate, so the adjective is usually indefinite.

If you said الحضور المهم, that would mean the important attendance or the important presence, which is a different structure.

So:

• الحضور مهم = attendance is important
• الحضور المهم = the important attendance / the important presence

Both are possible, but يقرأ المتدرب uses a very common Arabic word order: verb + subject + object.

So the structure is:

• يقرأ = verb
• المتدرب = subject
• جدول الدورة = object

This verb-first order is very normal in Modern Standard Arabic.

If you said المتدرب يقرأ جدول الدورة, that is also correct, but it puts slightly more focus on the trainee.

In Arabic, when the verb comes before the subject, it is usually singular, even if the subject is plural.

Here the subject is already singular:

• المتدرب = the trainee

so يقرأ being singular is exactly what you expect.

This is worth noticing because Arabic handles agreement differently depending on word order.

It can mean either, depending on context.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the present tense often covers both:

• he reads
• he is reading

So يقرأ المتدرب جدول الدورة could mean:

• the trainee reads the course schedule
• the trainee is reading the course schedule

Context tells you which is intended. If you want to make right now clearer, Arabic can add a time word such as الآن.

جدول الدورة is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive/construct phrase.

It is made of:

• جدول = schedule / timetable
• الدورة = the course / the training session

Together, they mean the course schedule.

Important things about iḍāfa:

1. The first noun usually does not take الـ.
2. The second noun can be definite.
3. If the second noun is definite, the whole phrase becomes definite.

So:

• جدول الدورة = the course schedule
• literally: schedule of the course

Because it is the second noun in an iḍāfa construction.

In Arabic, the second noun of an iḍāfa is put in the genitive case. With full case endings, it would be:

• جَدْوَلَ الدَّوْرَةِ

Here:

• جَدْوَلَ is the direct object of the verb, so it is accusative
• الدَّوْرَةِ is genitive because it is the second part of the iḍāfa

In normal unvocalized writing, you usually do not see those endings.

A fully vowelled version would be:

بِما أَنَّ الحُضورَ مُهِمٌّ، يَقرَأُ المُتَدَرِّبُ جَدْوَلَ الدَّوْرَةِ.

This shows several grammar points:

• أَنَّ makes its noun accusative, so الحُضورَ
• مُهِمٌّ is the predicate of أنَّ, so it is nominative
• يَقرَأُ is nominative present tense
• المُتَدَرِّبُ is the subject, so it is nominative
• جَدْوَلَ is the direct object, so it is accusative
• الدَّوْرَةِ is genitive in the iḍāfa

The comma separates the reason clause from the main clause:

• بما أن الحضور مهم = reason/background
• يقرأ المتدرب جدول الدورة = main statement

Modern Arabic uses punctuation in a way that is fairly similar to English in many contexts, especially in formal writing. The comma here helps readability, though punctuation can vary somewhat by style.

Yes, المتدرب is grammatically definite because of الـ.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• the trainee = a specific trainee already known
• or a more generic the trainee = the trainee/student as a type, especially in textbook examples

Arabic often uses the definite article in general statements where English might also use the or sometimes a more general wording.

Yes. Arabic often allows more than one natural word order. For example:

• بما أن الحضور مهم، المتدرب يقرأ جدول الدورة.
• يقرأ المتدرب جدول الدورة بما أن الحضور مهم.

These are grammatically possible, but the original sentence is very natural and straightforward in formal Arabic.

The given version is especially good for learners because it clearly shows:

• a reason expression: بما أن
• a nominal clause: الحضور مهم
• a verbal clause: يقرأ المتدرب جدول الدورة