موقع المشاهدة قرب المورد المائي.

Because Arabic usually leaves out the present-tense verb to be.

So موقع المشاهدة قرب المورد المائي is a complete sentence in Arabic, even though English would normally say The viewing site is near the water source.

This is called a nominal sentence. In the present tense:

• موقع المشاهدة = the subject/topic
• قرب المورد المائي = the predicate/comment

If you wanted past tense, then Arabic would use a verb such as كان.

Because موقع المشاهدة is an iḍāfa construction, often called a possessive or genitive construction.

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take ال
• the second noun can make the whole phrase definite

So:

• موقع المشاهدة literally means site/location of viewing
• because المشاهدة is definite, the whole phrase can mean the viewing site

This is why موقع does not need ال here.

It is an iḍāfa phrase:

• موقع = site, location
• المشاهدة = the viewing, the observation

Together, the structure is literally:

• site of the viewing
• or more naturally in English, viewing site / observation point

A helpful rule:

• first word in iḍāfa = no ال, no tanwīn
• second word = genitive, and it determines definiteness

So this phrase is functioning like a compact noun phrase.

Both are possible, but they work a little differently.

Here قرب means near as an adverbial noun / ظرف:

• قرب المورد المائي = near the water source

This is a compact, formal style.

Another very common version would be:

• موقع المشاهدة قريب من المورد المائي
• The viewing site is near the water source

So the difference is roughly:

• قرب + noun = concise, often more formal or descriptive
• قريب من + noun = very common everyday structure

Because in this sentence قرب is being used in an iḍāfa-like relationship with the following noun.

So Arabic can say:

• قربَ الموردِ المائيِّ = near the water source

without من.

But if you use the adjective قريب, then you normally need من:

• قريب من المورد المائي

So compare:

• قرب المورد المائي = near the water source
• قريب من المورد المائي = near the water source

Same general meaning, different structure.

Because المائي is an adjective describing المورد, and Arabic adjectives agree with the noun they describe.

So if the noun is:

• definite → the adjective must also be definite
• masculine → the adjective must be masculine
• singular → the adjective must be singular

Here:

• المورد = the resource/source
• المائي = water-related, aquatic, hydraulic

So:

• المورد المائي = the water resource / the water source

If the noun did not have ال, the adjective would also lose ال.

المائي is an adjective derived from ماء (water).

The ending -ي often forms a nisba adjective, which means related to or connected with something.

So:

• ماء = water
• مائي = watery, aquatic, water-related

In this sentence, المورد المائي means something like:

• the water source
• the water resource

Also notice that المائي is masculine singular because it matches المورد, which is masculine singular.

A fully vocalized version would usually be:

موقعُ المشاهدةِ قربَ الموردِ المائيِّ

Here is the breakdown:

• موقعُ = nominative, because it is the subject of the nominal sentence
• المشاهدةِ = genitive, because it is the second term of the iḍāfa
• قربَ = accusative, because it functions as an adverbial expression of place
• الموردِ = genitive, because it is linked to قرب
• المائيِّ = genitive, because it is an adjective matching المورد

In normal everyday Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually not written.

Yes. A very natural alternative is:

موقع المشاهدة قريب من المورد المائي

This means the same thing overall.

The original version:

موقع المشاهدة قرب المورد المائي

sounds compact and slightly more formal, like a description on a map, sign, or report.

So both are correct, but the original has a more concise written style.

The given word order is natural and clear:

• موقع المشاهدة = what we are talking about
• قرب المورد المائي = where it is

Arabic does allow some flexibility, but this order is the most straightforward for a neutral statement.

If you change the order, you may create emphasis or a more marked style, but for learners the best pattern to remember is:

• subject/topic + location/expression

So this sentence is a good basic model for describing where something is.