الفريق الآخر يخسر بعد هدف.

Because الآخر is functioning like an adjective here: الفريق الآخر = the other team.

In Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. They also agree with the noun in:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• case

So:

• الفريق = the team
• الآخر = the other

Since الفريق is definite because of الـ, the adjective must also be definite: الآخر.

Because Arabic adjectives must match the noun in definiteness.

Here, الفريق is definite: the team.
So the adjective must also be definite:

• الفريق الآخر = the other team

If you removed الـ from the adjective and said الفريق آخر, that would not be correct standard adjective agreement in this context.

Because الفريق is grammatically a singular masculine noun in Arabic.

Arabic grammar follows the grammatical form of the noun, not the real-life number of people inside it. So even though a team is made up of many players, الفريق is treated as one singular unit.

That is why the verb is:

• يخسر = he/it loses / is losing

If the subject were plural, the verb form would change.

يخسر is the imperfect form of the verb خسر.

In MSA, the imperfect can express things like:

• present: loses
• ongoing action: is losing
• habitual action: usually loses

So depending on context, يخسر can mean different present-type meanings.

It is 3rd person masculine singular because it matches الفريق.

Arabic can use both noun-first and verb-first word order.

This sentence starts with the subject:

• الفريق الآخر يخسر بعد هدف

That is a very normal structure in Arabic and can feel a bit like setting up the topic first: As for the other team, it loses after a goal.

A verb-first version is also possible:

• يخسر الفريق الآخر بعد هدف

Both are grammatical, but the emphasis and style can feel slightly different.

بعد means after.

It is followed by a noun, so it works like after + noun:

• بعد هدف = after a goal

In fully vocalized Arabic, the noun after بعد is in the genitive case, so you would expect:

• بعدَ هدفٍ

In normal unvocalized writing, those case endings are usually not written.

Because the sentence is talking about a goal, not necessarily the goal.

So:

• بعد هدف = after a goal
• بعد الهدف = after the goal

The indefinite form is more general. It can suggest that once a goal happens, the other team loses, or tends to lose.

Yes. Arabic here is a little compact, so English may express it in slightly different ways depending on context.

For example, it could be understood as:

• after a goal
• after scoring a goal
• after conceding a goal

The exact interpretation depends on the broader context, especially in sports language. The Arabic phrase itself is short and does not explicitly state who scored the goal.

A fully vocalized version would typically be:

الفريقُ الآخرُ يَخسَرُ بعدَ هدفٍ

That shows the grammatical endings more clearly:

• الفريقُ — subject, nominative
• الآخرُ — adjective matching the subject
• يَخسَرُ — imperfect verb
• بعدَ — adverb/preposition-like word here
• هدفٍ — genitive after بعد

In everyday printed Arabic, these short vowels are usually omitted.

Often yes, but its exact English translation depends on context.

Common possibilities include:

• other
• another
• the other
• the remaining

In الفريق الآخر, the natural meaning is the other team.

So the word is flexible, but here it clearly refers to the team on the opposite side.

Yes, but the meaning changes.

• فريق آخر = another team / a different team
• الفريق الآخر = the other team

So if you are talking about two specific teams, الفريق الآخر is the natural choice. If you mean some unspecified different team, فريق آخر would fit better.