Op Sondag maak my ouma die ketel vol water voordat almal wakker word.

Afrikaans usually follows the verb-second rule in main clauses. That means the finite verb must be in the second position.

In this sentence, Op Sondag is placed first, so the verb maak has to come next:

• Op Sondag
  • maak
    • my ouma ...

If you started with the subject instead, that would also be possible:

• My ouma maak die ketel vol water op Sondag ...

Both are grammatical, but the original sentence emphasizes the time expression first.

With days of the week, Afrikaans normally uses op for on:

• op Maandag = on Monday
• op Sondag = on Sunday

So op here works just like English on with days.

Also, Afrikaans does not use an article here, so you do not say op die Sondag in normal usage.

Depending on context, op Sondag can refer to a particular Sunday, while op Sondae is a very common way to say on Sundays in a habitual sense.

Afrikaans often uses vol maak to mean fill or make full.

So:

• die ketel vol water maak = to fill the kettle with water

Literally, it is something like make the kettle full of water.

Afrikaans also has vul:

• My ouma vul die ketel met water.

That is also correct. But maak ... vol is very natural everyday Afrikaans.

Both patterns exist, but they work a little differently.

In this sentence:

• maak die ketel vol water

the structure is built around vol maak = fill / make full.

So vol is the key word, and water tells you what it is full of.

A different but correct structure would be:

• vul die ketel met water

That uses the verb vul and the preposition met.

So the sentence is not wrong or strange; it is just using a different, very common Afrikaans pattern.

Because my already determines the noun.

In Afrikaans, as in English, you normally do not combine a possessive with die:

• my ouma = my grandmother
• not die my ouma

The possessive word my already does the job of identifying whose grandmother you mean.

Voordat means before, and it introduces a subordinate clause.

In Afrikaans subordinate clauses, the finite verb usually goes to the end. So:

• Main clause: Almal word wakker. = Everyone wakes up.
• After voordat: voordat almal wakker word

That is why word comes at the end of the clause.

Because word wakker means wake up or become awake.

Compare:

• Almal is wakker. = Everyone is awake.
  This describes a state.

• Almal word wakker. = Everyone wakes up / becomes awake.
  This describes a change.

So in the sentence, the meaning is that your grandmother does this before everyone wakes up, not just before everyone is awake.

That is because of subordinate clause word order.

In a main clause, you would say:

• Almal word wakker.

But after a subordinating word like voordat, the verb moves to the end:

• voordat almal wakker word

So the same words are involved, but the clause type changes the order.

Almal means everyone, everybody, or sometimes all of them, depending on context.

In this sentence, it means everyone in the household or group being talked about.

It does not need an article, and it is very common in everyday Afrikaans:

• Almal lag. = Everyone is laughing.
• Almal weet dit. = Everybody knows that.

Not perfectly. The general meaning transfers well, but some parts are more natural if translated idiomatically.

For example:

• maak die ketel vol water is literally something like makes the kettle full of water
• but natural English is fills the kettle with water

And:

• wakker word is literally become awake
• but natural English is wake up

So it is better to understand the Afrikaans patterns as natural Afrikaans expressions, not as exact word-for-word copies of English.