Sy wil die nuwe plante elke oggend natmaak voordat daar te veel sonlig is.

In this sentence, sy means she.

Afrikaans often uses the same form for both she and her, so sy can be either a subject or an object depending on the sentence.

Here it is the subject of the sentence:

• Sy wil ... = She wants ...

So you know it means she, not her, because it is doing the action.

Afrikaans main clauses usually follow the verb-second rule. That means the finite verb normally comes early in the sentence, usually in the second slot.

Here the structure is:

• Sy = subject
• wil = finite verb
• die nuwe plante elke oggend natmaak = the rest of the clause

So:

• Sy wil die nuwe plante elke oggend natmaak
  = She wants to water the new plants every morning

This is very typical Afrikaans word order.

In Afrikaans, the normal order inside a noun phrase is:

• article + adjective + noun

So:

• die = the
• nuwe = new
• plante = plants

Together:

• die nuwe plante = the new plants

That is the standard order.

Afrikaans adjectives often take an -e when they come before a noun.

So:

• nuut = new
• nuwe plante = new plants

This is called the attributive form of the adjective. In many common cases, the adjective changes when placed before a noun.

Compare:

• Die plante is nuut. = The plants are new.
• die nuwe plante = the new plants

So nuut becomes nuwe before plante.

Elke oggend means every morning.

• elke = each / every
• oggend = morning

Afrikaans often does not need a preposition where English uses one. English says every morning, not in every morning, and Afrikaans works similarly here.

So:

• elke oggend = every morning

It functions as a time expression.

Yes, natmaak is one word.

It is made from:

• nat = wet
• maak = make

So literally it means make wet, and in context it means:

• to water
• to make something wet

In this sentence:

• die plante natmaak = to water the plants

Afrikaans often forms useful verbs this way.

Because it is the second verb in a verbal combination.

The finite verb is wil:

• Sy wil ...

The other verb, natmaak, stays later in the clause, typically near the end:

• Sy wil die nuwe plante elke oggend natmaak

This is similar to English wants to water, but Afrikaans does not use a separate to here.

So:

• wil natmaak = wants to water

After modal-like verbs such as wil (want to), Afrikaans normally uses the main verb without a separate to.

So:

• Sy wil natmaak = She wants to water

Not:

• Sy wil te natmaak ❌

This is very common in Afrikaans after verbs like kan, moet, sal, and wil.

Voordat means before.

It introduces a subordinate clause:

• voordat daar te veel sonlig is
  = before there is too much sunlight

So the sentence is divided into:

• main clause: Sy wil die nuwe plante elke oggend natmaak
• subordinate clause: voordat daar te veel sonlig is

It is a very common conjunction for talking about something that happens earlier than something else.

Because after voordat, you get a subordinate clause, and in Afrikaans subordinate clauses usually send the finite verb to the end.

Compare:

Main clause:

• Daar is te veel sonlig.
  = There is too much sunlight.

Subordinate clause:

• voordat daar te veel sonlig is
  = before there is too much sunlight

So the verb is moves to the end because of the subordinate clause structure.

Yes and no.

In daar te veel sonlig is, daar is like English there in sentences such as:

• There is too much sunlight

It does not mainly refer to a place here. It is an introductory/existential daar.

So:

• Daar is te veel sonlig. = There is too much sunlight.

It is used to say that something exists or is present.

Veel means much / a lot of, while te veel means too much.

So:

• veel sonlig = much/a lot of sunlight
• te veel sonlig = too much sunlight

In the sentence, the speaker means the plants should be watered before the sunlight becomes excessive.

Yes. Sonlig is one word.

It combines:

• son = sun
• lig = light

So:

• sonlig = sunlight

Afrikaans often writes compound nouns as a single word.

Yes, Afrikaans is fairly flexible with time expressions, though the verb-second rule still matters.

For example, you could say:

• Sy wil die nuwe plante elke oggend natmaak.
• Elke oggend wil sy die nuwe plante natmaak.

Both are possible. If you move Elke oggend to the front, the finite verb still has to stay in second position:

• Elke oggend wil sy ...

That inversion is normal in Afrikaans.

A simple way to break it down is:

• Sy = subject
• wil = finite verb
• die nuwe plante = object
• elke oggend = time expression
• natmaak = main verb at the end of the main clause
• voordat daar te veel sonlig is = subordinate clause

So the pattern is roughly:

Subject + finite verb + object + time + main verb + subordinate clause

That makes this a very useful example of both:

• normal main-clause word order, and
• subordinate-clause verb-final word order in Afrikaans.