Sy drink water sonder om te mors, maar haar broer mors altyd op die tafel.

Afrikaans distinguishes between subject and object/possessive forms here:

• sy = she when it is the subject of the sentence
  
  • Sy drink water = She drinks water
• haar = her or her/hers
  
  • haar broer = her brother

So:

• Sy is used because she is doing the action.
• haar is used because the brother belongs to her.

This is similar to English she vs her.

No. In Afrikaans, verbs usually do not change according to the subject.

So all of these use the same verb form:

• Ek drink = I drink
• Jy drink = you drink
• Sy drink = she drinks
• Hulle drink = they drink

This is much simpler than English, where you have I drink but she drinks.

This is a very common Afrikaans structure:

• sonder = without
• om te = to
• mors = spill / make a mess

So sonder om te mors literally means without to spill, but in natural English it means without spilling.

A useful pattern is:

• sonder om te + infinitive

Examples:

• sonder om te praat = without speaking
• sonder om te kyk = without looking
• sonder om te wag = without waiting

So this sentence uses a standard way to say without doing something.

Because Afrikaans infinitives and present-tense verb forms often look identical.

In the sentence:

• om te mors = to spill / to make a mess → infinitive
• haar broer mors altyd = her brother always spills / makes a mess → finite verb

So the form mors stays the same, but its function changes depending on the structure around it.

You can often tell which one it is by looking for markers like om te.

Afrikaans, like English, does not always use an article with uncountable nouns.

• water is an uncountable substance, so Sy drink water is natural, just like English She drinks water.
• tafel is a countable noun, and here it refers to a specific table, so Afrikaans uses die tafel = the table.

Compare:

• Ek drink koffie. = I drink coffee.
• Die koffie is warm. = The coffee is warm.

So the article depends on how the noun is being used.

Mors can mean things like:

• to spill
• to make a mess
• to be messy with something

In this sentence, it works well as spill or make a mess.

So:

• sonder om te mors = without spilling / without making a mess
• mors altyd op die tafel = always spills on the table / always makes a mess on the table

The exact English wording depends on context, but the basic idea is careless messiness, especially with food or drink.

Altyd is an adverb meaning always, and in Afrikaans adverbs often come before prepositional phrases like op die tafel.

So:

• haar broer mors altyd op die tafel

is a normal word order meaning:

• her brother always spills on the table

The sentence flows as:

• subject: haar broer
• verb: mors
• adverb: altyd
• place phrase: op die tafel

This order is very natural in Afrikaans.

Op usually means on.

So:

• op die tafel = on the table

That is the normal preposition if something is spilled onto the surface of a table.

Examples:

• Die boek is op die tafel. = The book is on the table.
• Hy eet op die tafel. = He eats on the table.
  (Though depending on context, this could sound unusual in meaning.)

Here op is exactly the preposition you would expect for mess being on the table’s surface.

Maar means but.

It connects two contrasting ideas:

• Sy drink water sonder om te mors
• maar haar broer mors altyd op die tafel

So the contrast is:

• she drinks neatly
• but her brother is messy

It works just like English but.

Because maar is a coordinating conjunction, not a subordinating one.

In Afrikaans:

• Coordinating conjunctions like maar, en, of do not send the verb to the end.
• Subordinating conjunctions like omdat, dat, wanneer usually do affect word order differently.

So after maar, normal main-clause order continues:

• maar haar broer mors altyd op die tafel

not something like a verb-final structure.

It can be used with many verbs. It is a very productive pattern in Afrikaans.

Examples:

• Hy het weggegaan sonder om te groet. = He left without saying goodbye.
• Sy lees sonder om te praat. = She reads without talking.
• Ons het gewen sonder om te probeer. = We won without trying.

So once you learn sonder om te + verb, you can use it in lots of situations.

No. It is capitalized simply because it is the first word of the sentence.

If it appeared in the middle of a sentence, it would normally be lowercase:

• Ek dink sy drink water. = I think she drinks water.

So the capital letter is just standard sentence capitalization.