Learn German: Du wirst wohl vielerlei Aromen mit der Pipette ausprobieren. - You will probably try out many kinds of aromas with the pipette.

Words ending in the suffix -erlei are invariant adjectives of variety. This means they are frozen and never change their endings to match the case, gender, or number of the noun they describe. You will always write vielerlei, whether the noun is masculine, feminine, neuter, singular, or plural.

Could I just use viele Aromen here instead, and does it mean the same thing?

You could use viele, but the meaning is slightly different. Viele Aromen simply means a large quantity (many aromas). Adding the -erlei suffix specifically emphasizes variety, so vielerlei Aromen means many kinds of or a wide variety of aromas.

How does the word wohl affect the meaning of the future tense here?

The word wohl is a modal particle that expresses a strong assumption or probability. When combined with the future tense (wirst... ausprobieren), it softens a direct prediction into a likely assumption, translating nicely to will probably try out or I assume you will try out.

Why is the plural of Aroma formed as Aromen instead of taking a more standard German plural ending?