Learn German: Ich finde die Arbeit gut.

The verb finden does take a direct object in the accusative case! However, only masculine nouns change their definite article in the accusative (from der to den). Because Arbeit is a feminine noun, its article stays die. The feminine accusative article looks exactly the same as it does in the nominative case.

Since die Arbeit is feminine, shouldn't the adjective have an ending, like gute?

No, because gut comes after the noun it describes. In German, adjectives only get extra endings (like -e or -en) when they are attached directly in front of a noun, such as die gute Arbeit (the good work). When an adjective stands alone later in the sentence, it always stays in its basic form.

Is ich finde ... gut a normal way to say you like something?

Yes! While you could use the verb mögen (to like), saying ich finde [something] gut (literally: I find [something] good) is an extremely common, everyday way for German speakers to express that they like something or approve of it.

Why is there an -e on the end of finde?