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### Accusative Pronouns: *mich* and *dich*

When you do something to a person or thing, they become the direct object of your sentence. Just like in English, pronouns change shape when they receive the action (for example, "I" becomes "me").

In German, the subject **ich** (I) becomes **mich** (me) in the accusative case. The subject **du** (you) becomes **dich** (you). 

Common verbs for interacting with people—like *lieben* (to love), *kennen* (to know), *treffen* (to meet), and *besuchen* (to visit)—always take these accusative direct objects.

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### Third-Person Pronouns: *ihn*, *sie*, and *es*

When you want to replace a noun with a pronoun to avoid repeating yourself (like saying "I know him" instead of "I know the man"), the pronoun must match the noun's grammatical gender.

Just as we saw with articles in the previous lesson, **only the masculine pronoun changes** in the accusative case! 

| Gender | Nominative (Subject) | Accusative (Direct Object) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Masculine | er (he) | **ihn** (him) |
| Feminine | sie (she) | **sie** (her) |
| Neuter | es (it) | **es** (it) |

Notice how the masculine noun *Mann* is replaced by **ihn**:

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Because feminine and neuter direct objects don't change their forms, they are replaced by **sie** and **es**, which look exactly like their subject forms:

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### Plural and Formal Pronouns

Finally, here is how to refer to multiple people, or to address someone formally, when they are the direct object of the sentence:

- **wir** (we) becomes **uns** (us).
- **ihr** (you plural, informal) becomes **euch** (you all).
- **Sie** (formal you) remains exactly the same: **Sie**.
- **sie** (they) remains exactly the same: **sie** (them).

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Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Subordinate clauses for reasons (weil)

Question	Answer
to love	lieben
you (singular, informal)	dich
I love you.	Ich liebe dich.
to know (somebody/something)	kennen
me	mich
Do you know me?	Kennst du mich?
to meet	treffen
tomorrow	morgen
We are meeting you tomorrow.	Wir treffen dich morgen.
to visit	besuchen
Are you visiting me today?	Besuchst du mich heute?
him	ihn
The man works here, and I know him.	Der Mann arbeitet hier, und ich kenne ihn.
You see him often.	Ihr seht ihn oft.
Where is the boy? We are meeting him now.	Wo ist der Junge? Wir treffen ihn jetzt.
I know the woman, and I am meeting her tomorrow.	Ich kenne die Frau, und ich treffe sie morgen.
I know the child, and I see it often.	Ich kenne das Kind, und ich sehe es oft.
The boss is looking for you.	Der Chef sucht Sie.
us	uns
The cat loves us.	Die Katze liebt uns.
you (plural, informal)	euch
We do not know you.	Wir kennen euch nicht.
The people are looking for us.	Die Leute suchen uns.
The siblings are visiting you too.	Die Geschwister besuchen euch auch.