Breakdown of Sairaanhoitaja on velvollinen jäämään, mutta hän on myös halukas auttamaan.
olla
to be
hän
he / she
mutta
but
myös
also
auttaa
to help
jäädä
to stay
sairaanhoitaja
nurse
halukas
willing
velvollinen
obliged
Questions & Answers about Sairaanhoitaja on velvollinen jäämään, mutta hän on myös halukas auttamaan.
Why are the verbs jäämään and auttamaan used here instead of their standard dictionary forms jäädä and auttaa?
This is the core rule for adjectives of ability, readiness, and obligation. Words like velvollinen (obliged) and halukas (willing) dictate the form of the verb that follows them. They require the 3rd infinitive illative form, which always ends in -maan or -mään. You can think of it as being obliged into staying or willing into helping.
If I wanted to use the verb haluta (to want) instead of the adjective halukas, how would the end of the sentence change?
You would say mutta hän haluaa auttaa. Notice the difference in rection: the verb haluta takes the standard dictionary form (1st infinitive) auttaa, while the adjective halukas requires the 3rd infinitive illative auttamaan. Using halukas is slightly more formal and translates better to "willing" rather than simply "wants to".
Where does the adjective velvollinen come from?
It is part of a very useful word family for B2 learners! Its root is the noun velka (debt). From there, you get the noun velvollisuus (duty or obligation), and finally velvollinen, which is the adjective form meaning "obligated" or "duty-bound".
How exactly is the form jäämään built from the verb jäädä (to stay)?
To form the 3rd infinitive illative, you find the strong grade of the verb's present tense stem—essentially the "I" form without the final -n. For jäädä, "I stay" is jään, making the stem jää-. Then you just add the suffix -mään (due to vowel harmony), giving you jäämään.
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