Breakdown of Olen aivan varma, että hänkin on viihtynyt kaupungissa.
olla
to be
hän
he / she
kaupunki
city
varma
sure / certain
että
that (conjunction)
-kin
also / too (suffix)
aivan
exactly / quite (completely)
viihtyä
to enjoy oneself
Questions & Answers about Olen aivan varma, että hänkin on viihtynyt kaupungissa.
What does the ending -kin do in the word hänkin?
The clitic -kin means 'also' or 'too'. In Finnish, you attach it directly to the word you want to emphasize. By attaching it to hän (he), the sentence specifically means 'he too' or 'also he' has enjoyed the city, implying someone else did as well.
Could I attach -kin to the verb instead, like viihtynytkin?
You could, but it would change the meaning! If you said hän on viihtynytkin, it would emphasize the verb. That would mean something like 'he has actually enjoyed the city' (perhaps contrary to expectations), rather than 'he too has enjoyed it'.
Why is the verb viihtyä used here for 'enjoy'?
Viihtyä is a specific verb for enjoying your time or being comfortable in a certain place or situation. You use it when talking about liking a city, a job, or a home. If you were talking about enjoying a thing or an activity, you would usually use a different verb like pitää or nauttia.
Why does kaupungissa have the -ssa (in) ending?
The verb viihtyä requires you to state where you are comfortable using a location ending. Since he is enjoying his time in the city, the inessive case ending -ssa is used.
How is the perfect tense formed in on viihtynyt?
The perfect tense (has enjoyed) is built using the verb olla (to be) as a helper verb (here on) plus the past participle of the main verb. For viihtyä, the past participle is viihtynyt.
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