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Questions & Answers about Onko opettajalla avain?
Why does the sentence start with Onko instead of Opettajalla?
In Finnish, yes/no questions must start with the word that has the question ending attached to it. To ask "Does [someone] have...?", you add the -ko ending to the verb on (is) and move it to the very front of the sentence. The owner (opettajalla) comes right after.
Why is it opettajalla and not just opettaja?
Finnish doesn't have a verb for "to have". Instead, it uses the ending -lla or -llä (which generally means "at" or "on") attached to the owner. So the structure opettajalla on literally translates to "at the teacher is".
Why is avain in its basic dictionary form here?
In the English translation, "a key" is the object (the thing the teacher has). But because the Finnish sentence literally means "At the teacher is a key", the word avain is actually the subject of the Finnish sentence. That's why it stays in its basic dictionary form (the nominative case).
Why is the question ending -ko instead of -kö?
This is a quick reminder of vowel harmony! The question ending adjusts to match the vowels in the word it attaches to. Since the word on contains the back vowel o, the ending must be the back-vowel version, -ko. If it were attached to a word with front vowels (like ä or ö), it would be -kö.