Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Finnish

### Expressing "Not Having" Something

To say that someone does not have something in Finnish, you use a structure very similar to positive possession, but with two key changes:
1. The verb is the negative phrase **ei ole**. It stays exactly the same no matter who the possessor is.
2. The thing you do not have must be in the **partitive case**.

Just like in positive sentences, the person who lacks the item takes the adessive case (*-lla/-llä*).

### The Partitive Object

In a positive sentence, the thing you have is usually in its basic form (nominative). However, the moment you do not have it, you must use a partitive ending (like *-a*, *-ä*, or *-ta*).

{{item:897629}}

{{item:897641}}

{{item:897644}}

### Anyone Can Lack Something

You can use any noun or pronoun as the possessor, as long as it has the adessive *-lla/-llä* ending. 

{{item:897628}}

{{item:897631}}

{{item:897634}}

### Contrasting and Listing

You can easily combine positive and negative possession in the same sentence to contrast what you do and do not have.

{{item:897638}}

{{item:897650}}

If you want to list multiple things you do not have, connect them with *tai* (or). Every item you lack must be in the partitive case.

{{item:897654}}

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Partitive plural (-ita / -itä)

Question	Answer
pet	lemmikki
I do not have a pet.	Minulla ei ole lemmikkiä.
Does the child have a dog? No, the child does not have a pet.	Onko lapsella koira? Ei, lapsella ei ole lemmikkiä.
job	työpaikka
He does not have a job, because he is sick.	Hänellä ei ole työpaikkaa, koska hän on sairas.
The man does not have a job here.	Miehellä ei ole työpaikkaa täällä.
hurry	kiire
We are not in a hurry today.	Meillä ei ole tänään kiirettä.
Are you in a hurry? I am not in a hurry.	Onko sinulla kiire? Minulla ei ole kiirettä.
cash	käteinen
credit card	luottokortti
I do not have cash, but I have a credit card.	Minulla ei ole käteistä, mutta minulla on luottokortti.
receipt	kuitti
The woman does not have a receipt.	Naisella ei ole kuittia.
Do you have a receipt? No, we do not have a receipt.	Onko teillä kuitti? Ei, meillä ei ole kuittia.
driver's license	ajokortti
The student does not have a driver's license.	Opiskelijalla ei ole ajokorttia.
Does the boy have a driver's license? He does not have a driver's license.	Onko pojalla ajokortti? Hänellä ei ole ajokorttia.
map	kartta
Does the teacher have a map? She does not have a map.	Onko opettajalla kartta? Hänellä ei ole karttaa.
We are looking for the hotel, but we do not have a map.	Etsimme hotellia, mutta meillä ei ole karttaa.
camera	kamera
I do not have a camera here.	Minulla ei ole kameraa täällä.
The boy has a new bag, but he does not have a camera.	Pojalla on uusi laukku, mutta hänellä ei ole kameraa.
umbrella	sateenvarjo
Is it raining outside? I do not have an umbrella.	Sataako ulkona? Minulla ei ole sateenvarjoa.
Do you have an umbrella? No, I do not have an umbrella.	Onko sinulla sateenvarjo? Ei, minulla ei ole sateenvarjoa.
I do not have a credit card or cash.	Minulla ei ole luottokorttia tai käteistä.
anyone, nobody (with negation)	kukaan
Nobody is at home.	Kukaan ei ole kotona.
Nobody is singing.	Kukaan ei laula.
anything, nothing (with negation)	mikään
I do not have anything.	Minulla ei ole mitään.
Nothing is easy.	Mikään ei ole helppoa.

Contributors